L22: Modulation Of Respiratory Control Flashcards
What do chemoreceptors detect
Chemical changes in the blood
What do mechanoreceptors detect
Changes in the irritation and distension of airways and lungs
What are peripheral chemoreceptors
Sensory receptors that are located in the periphery i.e outside the central nervous system
Where are the 2 major location of peripheral chemoreceptors
Carotid bodies
Aortic bodies
What does peripheral chemoreceptors detect and respond to
Po2
Pco2
Ph
Where exactly is the aortic bodies located
Aortic arch
Where exactly is carotid bodies located
Bifurcation of the common carotid artery (in the neck) into external and internal common carotid artery
Does carotid bodies or aortic have the major functional role in ventilators control
Carotid bodies
What is the afferent nerve of the carotid body
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the afferent nerve of the aortic body
Vagus nerve
From the carotid and aortic body where does the vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve (sensory nerves) go to
To NTS in the brainstem
What is a sinus
A swelling that contains baroreceptors
What are the sinuses located near the carotid and aortic bodies
Carotid sinus
Aortic sinus
Which cells in the bodies detect the changes in the blood gas
Globular/ type 1 cells
What happens to the firing of the carotid body as pao2 decreases
Increases
What happens to the firing of carotid bodies when there is a high paco2 and ph (metabolic acidosis)
Increases more
What is metabolic acidosis
An increases in H+ that is not related to co2 (breathing)
Overall what are the 3 stimulus that the carotid body increases it firing and responce
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Metabolic acidosis
What is the mechanism of sensing hypoxia in the carotid body
1) hypoxia acts on the mitochondria to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation (Electron transport chain)
2) atp production is reduced
3) amp increases
4) this is activated an enzyme called AMPK
5) AMPK inhibits pottassium channels on the type 1 cells in the carotid body
6) this leads to membrane depolarisation
7) voltage gated calcium channels open
8) neurotransmitters are released to synapses to induce an action potential to glossopharyngeal nerve
What can a carotid tumour be a result of
Hypoxia
Apart from peripheral chemoreceptors what are the other types of chemoreceptors found in the body
Central chemoreceptors
Where are the central chemoreceptors located
Brainstem of the CNS