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Irm > L16: Carriage Of Oxygen > Flashcards

L16: Carriage Of Oxygen Flashcards

1
Q

What does diffusion depend on

A

Partial pressure gradient

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2
Q

What are the 2 ways oxygen is carried

A

1) physically dissolved in plasma

2) chemically bound to haemoglobin in RBC

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3
Q

What does the oxygen dissolved in plasma exert

A

Partial pressure

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4
Q

What is the chemical combination of oxygen with haemoglobin determined by

A

Partial pressure hence the oxygen in the plasma

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5
Q

What is Henry’s law about

A

How much gas is dissolved in the liquid (plasma)

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6
Q

Why do we need the chemical combination of oxygen with haemoglobin if oxygen can be dissolved physically in plasma

A

The dissolved oxygen in plasma is not enough for the body

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7
Q

Inside the haem group which iron allows oxygen to bind

A

Iron (Fe2+)

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8
Q

What is co-operative binding

A

Binding of oxygen to iron in haemoglobin makes the binding and unwinding of other oxygen binding to other haem easier and

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9
Q

What does oxygen content mean

A

The amount of oxygen in:

dissolved in plasma AND bound to haemoglobin

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10
Q

What does oxygen capacity mean

A

The maximum amount of oxygen that combines with haemoglobin in blood

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11
Q

Does the oxygen capacity involve the oxygen in dissolved plasma

A

No

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12
Q

What is oxygen capacity only dependent on

A

Concentration of haemoglobin

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13
Q

At what pao2 is the haemglobin 100% saturated

A

Normal pao2 of 13kpa

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14
Q

What does a flat association curve indicate

A

Despite the change of Po2 from 8-13kpa most of oxygen is still bound to haem

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17
Q

What is 2,3-DPG

A

Side reaction of glycolysis

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18
Q

What does the flat association curve indicate

A

Despite the changes from 13 to 8kpa the haemoglobin is still 90% saturated (enough for a persons oxygen delivery)

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19
Q

What does the steep dislocation curve indicate

A

Despite the changes from 8 to 3kpa the haemoglobin concentration is desaturated by 60%

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19
Q

What does the steep dissociation curve ensure

A

Delivery of oxygen for tissue

20
Q

How can the oxygen binding affinity to haemoglobin be shifted to the right

A

Increase pco2 in arterial blood
Decrease ph
Increase temperature
Increase 2,3DPG concentration

21
Q

What are the factors that affect the haemoglobin concentration

A

Diet
Reduced RBC (anaemia)
Carbon monoxide poisoning

21
Q

What is the Bohr effect

A

Increasing pco2

Decreasing ph

21
Q

When do we get an increase in pco2, increase in H+ (decreasing ph) and increase in temperature

A

At a high metabolism

21
Q

What does a right shift in the hb dissociation allow

A

Allow a further amount of oxygen delivery to the tissue

21
Q

What is the auto regulated delivery in tissues

A

Amount of oxygen delivered is depends on how fat the curve is shifted to the right and how the metabolism has changed

21
Q

Does pao2 have any affect on the hb dissociation curve

A

No

21
Q

Is the ability to deliver oxygen in anaemia affected

A

No

21
Q

Where does carbon monoxide bind

A

Same site as oxygen in haemoglobin

23
Q

Why is carbon monoxide more fatal than anaemia

A

Oxygen is not released from the haemoglobin until tissue po2 is 1kpa
And at 1kpa the tissues are dying

25
Q

What are the variants of haemoglobin in RBC

A 
Adult haemoglobin 
Fetal haemoglobin 
Haemoglobin S
Metheoglobineaemia 
Mygoblobin
26
Q

What is the affinity for oxygen for fetal haemoglobin compared to adult haemoglobin

A

Higher affinity

27
Q

Why does fetal haemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen

A

To pick up oxygen in maternal blood

28
Q

When do we get haemoglobin s

A

In sickle cell anaemia

29
Q

Which direction does sickle cell anaemia shift the hb dissociation curve

A

Right

30
Q

What is myoglobin

A

Oxygen store in muscle with one haem group

32
Q

What is hypoxia

A

Low oxygen in the blood for delivery or consumption for tissues to maintain normal function

34
Q

What are the types of hypoxia

A

Hypoxic hypoxia
Anaemic hypoxia
Stagnant hypoxia
Histotoxic hypoxia

35
Q

Wha is hypoxic hypoxia

A

Low arterial oxygen and low saturation of oxygen

36
Q

What are the clinical conditions that cause hypoxic hypoxia

A

Hypoventialtion
Diffusion limitation
V/Q mismatch
Shunt

37
Q

What is anaemic hypoxia

A

Normal pao2 and normal staturation of oxygen but low oxygen conten

38
Q

What are the clinical conditions of anaemic hypoxia

A

Blood loss

Carbon monoxide poisoning

39
Q

What is stagnant hypoxia

A

Low blood flow in a small tissue or large tissue

40
Q

What are the clinical conditions that give stagnant hypoxia

A

Cardiac failure

41
Q

What is histotoxic hypoxia

A

High venous oxygen and high saturation of venous oxygen due to inability to utilise oxygen

42
Q

What are the clinical conditions that result in histotoxic hypoxia

A

Cyanide poisoning

Irm (21 decks)

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