Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Irm > L07: Interstitial Lung Diseases > Flashcards

L07: Interstitial Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term interstitial lung diseases mean

A

Large groups of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does pulmonary fibrosis and start and develop

A

Lungs have inflammation which later scar and shrink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In a spirometry what does pulmonary fibrosis show

A 
Low FVC
Normal normal/high FEV1/FVC
Low residual volume 
Low total lung capacity 
Low DLCO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does gas exchange require for it to occur

A

Alveolar ventilation
Pulmonary circulation
Functioning alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In pulmonary fibrosis what requirement of gas exchange becomes displaced

A

Functioning alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where can impairment come from

A

Impaired ventilation
Impaired circulation
Abnormal alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is pulmonary fibrosis

A

Scarring of the lung parenchyma usually after inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causes of inflammation that drives widespread pulmonary fibrosis

A

Drugs

Carcinomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the causes of inflammation that drives upper pulmonary fibrosis

A

TB
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
EAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the causes of inflammation that drives lower pulmonary fibrosis

A

Cryptogenic
Connective tissue disease e.g rheumatoid arthritis
Occupational e.g asbestos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does cryptogenic mean

A

Unknown cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the clinical features of pulmonary fibrosis

A 
Dry cough 
Dyspnoea (breathlessness)
Fine end inspiratory creeps at base of lungs 
Middle age 
Mostly male
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

On a chest x-ray how does pulmonary fibrosis show

A

Reticular shadowing

Honeycombing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

After an chest x-ray if there are features of a disease which diagnostic tool is used for more detail

A

High CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What features are present on a high CT scan with pulmonary fibrosis

A

Subpleural reticular shadows

Honeycombing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If a diagnosis is not established after an high CT scan what diagnostic method tool should be used

A

Lung biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What other features on a high CT scan show with pulmonary fibrosis

A 
Localised fibrosis (fibrosis on one particular area)
Ground glass change (glassy appearance)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does a ground glass change indicate

A

Early active inflammation which can be reversed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does management of pulmonary fibrosis depend on

A

Cause
Histology
Severity
Progression

20
Q

What is the treatment for usual interstitial pneumonitis

A

Pirfenidone

Nintendanib

21
Q

What is the treatment for autoimmune disease causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

Immunosuppression

22
Q

What is the last treatment for pulmonary fibrosis

A

Lung transplantation

23
Q

When is biopsy carried out

A

Only when the diagnosis is not clear

24
Q

What is usual interstitial pneumonitis look like on a clinical image

A 
Basal
Subplerual
Not much ground glass
Honeycombing 
Nil on antibodies
25
Q

What is non specific interstitial pneumonitis

A

Anything non-specific that does not look like usual interstitial pneumonitis

26
Q

What are the other rarer interstitial lung disease that may cause fibrosis

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Granulomatous lung disease

27
Q

What is extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)

A

Caused by inhalation of organic particles that causes hypersensitivity response leading to scarring of the lungs

28
Q

What are the 3 ways that EAA can present

A

Acute
Chronic
Sub-acute

29
Q

How do we diagnose EAA

A

Identify the organic particle from patient history
Chest-X-ray
High CT
Blood

30
Q

What does a chest x-ray and high CT scan show with EAA

A

Upper lobe fibrosis

31
Q

What does the blood sample of EAA show

A

Positive avian precipitins

Normal IgE

32
Q

What is the treatment of EAA

A

Get rid of antigen such as birds

Steroid

33
Q

What does the term granulomatosus lung disease mean

A

Group of infectious and non infections characterised by the formation of granulomas

34
Q

What are the 3 sub causes of granulomatous lung disease

A

Bugs
Inflammatory
Vasculitic

35
Q

What is sarcoidosis

A

A multi-system disease with unknown cause with non caseating seating granulomas

36
Q

How does sarcoidosis affect the skin

A

Via lofgrens syndrome

37
Q

What does lofgrens syndrome present with

A

BHL
Erythema nodes
Polyarthralgia

38
Q

What other areas can sarcoidosis affect on the body outside the lungs

A 
Skin
Eyes
Heart
Neuro
Liver
39
Q

How do we investigate sarcoidosis

A

Full lung function test such as spirometry
Hight CT
ECG
Blood test of ACE

40
Q

What is the treatment of sarcoidosis

A

Steroids

41
Q

What is vasculitis

A

Inflammation of blood vessels

42
Q

Name an example of vasculitis

A

Wegeners granulomatosis

43
Q

What do you see with wegeners in the upper airway

A

Granulomas that lead to bleeding
Sinusitis
Saddle nose

44
Q

What do you see with wegeners in the lungs

A

Haemorrhage

Cavities

45
Q

What is the FEV1/FVC ratio

A

The ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first second (rate)

46
Q

What is DLCO

A

A measurement that asses the ability of gas exchange in the alveoli

Irm (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions