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Irm > L05: Pressure And Compliance > Flashcards

L05: Pressure And Compliance Flashcards

1
Q

What does compliance want the lungs to do

A

Expand

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2
Q

What does elasticity want the lungs to do

A

Recoil

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3
Q

What does surface tension want the lungs to do

A

Collapse

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4
Q

How many litres is the total lung compliance

A

6L

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5
Q

What is total lung capacity made of

A

Residual volume

Vital capacity

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6
Q

What is the residual volume

A

Volume of air left after a forced expiration

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7
Q

What is vital capacity

A

Volume of air that is pushed out after a forced expiration

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8
Q

What is the average residual volume in litres

A

1.2L

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9
Q

What is the average vital capacity in litres

A

4.8L

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10
Q

What is the functional residual capacity

A

Total volume of air in the lungs after a normal exhalation

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11
Q

What is the FRC after a normal breath

A

2.7L

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12
Q

What is the tidal volume

A

Volume of breathed in after a normal breath

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13
Q

In litres what is the average tidal volume

A

0.5L

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14
Q

How can the volume of air inspired and expired vary

A 
Age
Sex
Height 
Race
Respiratory disease
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15
Q

What does the boyles law state

A

If the volume increases, the pressure decreases

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16
Q

What does PA represent

A

Alveoli pressure

17
Q

What does PB represent

A

Atmospheric barometric pressure

18
Q

Between atmospheric/barometric pressure and alveoli pressure what has to be present for air to flow in and out of the lungs

A

Pressure difference

19
Q

How do we change PA (alveoli pressure) using the boyles law

A

Change the volume

20
Q

How do we change the volume to change the pressure

A

Via muscles

21
Q

Which muscles are used in inspiration

A

Diaphragm
External intercostal
Sternocleoidomastoid
Scalenes

22
Q

Which muscles are used in expiration

A

Internal intercostal

Abdominal muscles

23
Q

How is the lung and the thoracic cage stuck together

A

By pleural fluid

24
Q

Inside the pleural fluid what type of pressure is there

A

Negative intrapleural pressure

25
Q

How is the negative intrapleural pressure formed

A

The lungs tendency to recoil inwards

Thoracic cage tendency to recoil outwards

26
Q

What is the total system compliance

A

The lung and the chest wall are connected and so they are stretched together

27
Q

What happens to the total system compliance when distending pressure is 0

A

The total system compliance is at FRC

28
Q

What does it mean to have the total system compliance at FRC when distending pressure is 0

A

Lung and thoracic distending pressure is equal and opposite at FRC

29
Q

What is a pneumothorax

A

A collapsed lung

30
Q

Why does pneumothorax occur

A

When air leaks into the pleural space and distending pressure is lost

31
Q

What are the types of pneumothorax

A

Primary
Secondary
Traumatic
Tension

32
Q

What is primary pneumothorax

A

Without and apparent cause and no significant lung disease

33
Q

What is secondary pneumothorax

A

Related to an underlying lung disease such as COPD

34
Q

What is traumatic pneumothorax

A

Caused by an trauma injury which allows air to leak into the pleural space

35
Q

What is tension pneumothorax

A

Caused by trauma and mechanical ventilation which causes mediastinal shift

36
Q

What is mediastinal shift

A

Mediastinum (division of the lung that contains the heart) is shifted and under great pressure

Irm (21 decks)

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