Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Irm > L04: Respiratory Malignancies > Flashcards

L04: Respiratory Malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the angle of Louis

A

Point which is:
Bifurcation of trachea
Start of aortic arch
Azygous vein enters SVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What lines the lungs

A

Parietal and visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At which rib does the pleura meet

A

2nd rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Between which rib does the heart lie

A

3-6 ribs on right of sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many lobes are there on the left lobe

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the lobes of the left lobe called

A

Upper

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many lobes does the right lobe have

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the lobes of the right lobe called

A

Upper
Middle
Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the clinical features of lung cancer

A 
Smoker
Haemoptysis 
Weight loss 
Dyspnoea
Cough 
Chest pain 
Hoarse voice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is haemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is dyspnoea

A

Breathlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the common causes of lung cancer

A

Smoking
Asbestos
Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which job is more likely to involve asbestos

A

Plumbing

Construction etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mechanism of asbestos causing lung cancer

A

1) asbestos binds to epithelial growth factor receptor
2) this sets up a cascade reaction for proliferation of cells

Or
1) asbestos leads to proteases for the break down of cells

Or
1) asbestos leads to DNA damage that is transcribed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If we suspect lung cancer what diagnosis method should take place

A

Chest x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

To confirm likely lung cancer what diagnostic method is undertaken

A

CT chest scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If a patient is confirmed to have lung cancer what diagnostic method is used to used to find the type of cancer

A

Bronchoscopy

Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which diagnostic method is used to diagnose the stage of cancer

A

PET

Neck USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

To see where the tumour is what method is used

A

CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the types of lung cancer

A

Non small cell lung cancer
Small cell
Carcinoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Within non small cell lung cancer what are the other subgroups of cancer

A

Squamous
Adenocarcinoma
Undifferentiated or mixed

22
Q

What is the division of the left and right bronchi called

A

Carina

23
Q

What is a complication of bronchoscopy

A

Bleeding from the tumour

Infection

24
Q

What are the types of samples we can take with bronchoscopy

A

Brushing
Washing
Biopsy

25
Q

What are the other wats to get tissue

A

EBUS

Cervical mediastinoscopy

26
Q

Where is small cell lung cancer derived from

A

Neuro endocrine tissue

27
Q

How do differentiate between different cell lung cancers

A

We use specific tumour markers

28
Q

Why do we use tumour markers

A

Cells express tumours which we can target for it to show positive on a film

29
Q

What does a PET scan enable us to see

A

If the tumour has spread elsewhere

30
Q

What nodes do we have along the trachea

A

Lymph nodes

31
Q

How do we stage non small cell lung cancer

A

We use TNM classification which is:
Tumour
Node
Metastases

32
Q

How do we treat non small cell lung cancer

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy

33
Q

What is the treatment for small cell lung cancer

A

Chemotherapy

34
Q

How does metastases spread

A

Via lymphatic or blood

35
Q

What is common place of metastases

A

Pleura
Brain
Bone

36
Q

What do we use to treat brain metastases

A

Radiotherapy

37
Q

What are the local complications of lung cancer

A

Superior vena cava obstruction
Horners syndrome
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
Pleural effusion

38
Q

What are the features of superior vena cava obstruction

A

Fixed and raised jugular venous pressure
Lips cyanosis
Collaterals

39
Q

What are the features of horners syndrome

A

Partial ptosis
Enopthalmus
Meiosis

40
Q

What is partial ptosis

A

Half drooping eye lid

41
Q

What is enopthalmus

A

Sinking of the eye

42
Q

What is meiosis

A

Shrinkage of pupil

43
Q

What is pleural effusion

A

Fluid in the pleural space

44
Q

What are the clinical features of a pleural effusion

A 
Dyspnoea 
Pain 
Reduced expansion 
Dull percussion 
Reduced vocal resonance
45
Q

What are the 3 main mechanism of pleural effusion

A

Leave into the pleural space
Or
Produced by pathology in the pleural space
Or
Pleural fluid is not been removed due to the lymphatics not working

46
Q

What are the 2 classes of pleural effusion

A

Transudates

Exudates

47
Q

What are the causes of exudate pleural effusion

A 
MR BALDY SPIT 
M- mesothelioma/asbestos
R- rheumatoid arthritis 
B- bronchial cancer
A- abscess
L- lymphoma
D-dressers syndrome 
Y- yellow nail syndrome 
S- SLE
P- pneumonia 
I- infarction 
T- TB
48
Q

How do you manage pleural effusions

A

Tap fluid
Aspirate
Drain

49
Q

What is mesothelioma

A

Cancer of pleura

50
Q

What is the cause of mesothelioma

A

Asbestos

51
Q

What is the treatment for mesothelioma

A

Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Surgery
Immunotherapy

Irm (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions