Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Irm > L21: Respiratory Failure > Flashcards

L21: Respiratory Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiratory failure

A

The inability of the lung to meet the metabolic demands of the body. Failure of tissue oxygenation or carbon dioxide homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinically how is respiratory failure defined

A

Pao2 less than 8kpa
Or
Pac02 greater than 6.5kpa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 elements that cause respiratory failure

A

Alveolar hyperventilation (mechanical)
Circulation failure
Alveolar tissue problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can a mechanical failure be due to

A

Central problem
Peripheral problem
Lung structure problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the types of respiratory failure

A

Type 1

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is type 1 respiratory failure

A

Pa02 less than 8kpa with normal/low paco2 this leads to normal/high ph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the problem in type 1 respiratory failure

A

Oxygen exchange occurring at the alveolar and pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is there a problem with mechanical ventilation in type 1 respiratory failure

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a type 1 respiratory failure lead to

A

V/Q mismatch and shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is type 2 respiratory failure

A

Hypoxic and Paco2 greater than 6.5kpa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the underlying causes of respiratory failure

A 
Sepsis
Pneumonia 
Pulmonary embolus 
COPD exacerbation 
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symptoms of sepsis

A

Fever

Chills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia

A

Cough
Sputum production
Chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolus

A

Sudden onset of shortness of breath

Chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of COPD exacerbation

A

Heave smoking
Cough
Sputum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does hypotension (low blood pressure) suggest

A

Sepsis

Pulmonary embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does hypertension (high blood pressure) suggest

A

Poor effusion : cardiogenic pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does wheezing suggest

A

Airway obstruction

19
Q

How do we diagnose for respiratory failure

A 
Arterial blood gas
Blood
Cardiac markers
Microbiology 
Chest x-ray
ECG
Echocardiogram
Pulmonary function test 
CTPA
Ct scan
20
Q

What causes a patient with respiratory failure to die

A

Hypoxia

21
Q

What is the primary objective to reverse respiratory failure

A

Reverse and prevent hypoxia

22
Q

After correcting the hypoxia in respiratory failure what is secondary objective to treat

A

Control paco2 and respiratory acidosis

23
Q

If a patient has rising paco2 what is required

A

Support to blow out co2

24
Q

How do we treat hypoxia

A

secure airway
Give supplemental oxygen
Treat underlying condition

25
Q

Why is oxygen therapy used

A

Prevent tissue hypoxia and maintain normal oxygen

26
Q

What is the most basic equipment to provide oxygen

A

Nasal cannula

27
Q

What is nasal cannula

A

Tubes with two small prongs inserted into the nose

28
Q

After nasal cannula what is used to supply oxygen

A

Simple face mask

29
Q

What is the disadvantages of simple face masks

A

Rebreathing carbon dioxide

30
Q

What is a non rebreather mask

A

A face mask attached to a bag

31
Q

What does the bag in a non rebreather mask allow

A

Act as a reservoir for oxygen and allow more oxygen to be inspired at each breath

32
Q

What are Venturi masks

A

Different sized adapters deliver different oxygen

33
Q

When simple measures of proving oxygen failure what do we need to provide a patient

A

Mechanical ventilation

34
Q

What does mechanical ventilation provide

A

The effort to breath

35
Q

What are the 2 ways mechanical ventilation be carried out

A

Non invasive with a mask

Invasive with endobronchial tube attached to a machine

36
Q

What is mechanical ventilation good to treat

A

Hypoxia

Hypercapnia

37
Q

What is hypercapnia

A

High carbon dioxide

38
Q

What does mechanical ventilation allow to rest

A

Respiratory muscles

39
Q

When is mechanical ventilation used

A 
Cardiac arrest
Tachypnoae 
Acute respiratory acidosis 
Cardiogenic shock
Brain injury
40
Q

What pressure does mechanical ventilation provide

A

Positive pressure

41
Q

Does invasive mechanical ventilation completely take over breathing

A

Yes

42
Q

Why do we not want patients to reach negative pressure

A

The alveoli will collapse all the way down

43
Q

Why is positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) used in ventilation

A

Keeps the alveolus open and prevent them from collapsing
Improve gas exchange
Treat hypoxia
Treat pulmonary edema

Irm (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions