KA8- Genomics

Question 1

What is a genome?

Answer 1

All the genetic information encoded in the DNA of a complete set of chromosomes

Question 2

What is genomics?

Answer 2

The study of genes

Question 3

What does genomics involve?

Answer 3

Determining the whole base sequence of individual genes and entire genomes, and comparing them to the genomes of other organisms

Question 4

What does bioinformatics use?

Answer 4

A combination of molecular biology, statistical analysis and computer technology to quickly map and analyse DNA sequences

Question 5

What can computer programs look for?

Answer 5

New genes by identifying base sequences that are similar to those in known genes or by isolating mRNA and using reverse transcriptase to turn it back onto DNA

Question 6

What are genomes under investigation split into fragments by?

Answer 6

Restriction endonucleases

Question 7

What is a restriction endonuclease?

Answer 7

A type of enzyme that recognises and cuts a specific short DNA sequence at a restriction site

Question 8

What are the 3 steps of genomic sequencing?

Answer 8

1) the same genome is copied many times

2) the copies are cut into fragments using different restriction endonucleases, which cut at different places

3) each fragment is sequences and the order is worked out using a computer by comparing overlaps

Question 9

What does genomic sequencing determine?

Answer 9

The sequence of bases in the entire genome can be deduced

Question 10

What does comparative genomics compare the sequenced genomes of what?

Answer 10

1) Members of different species, to see if they have genetic sequences in common

2) Members of the same species

3) Cells from the same individual