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Higher biology > KA3- Gene Expression > Flashcards

KA3- Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA which carries the code for the production of protein molecules

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2
Q

What does RNA splicing make genes do?

A

It can make a gene code for one protein or several different proteins

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3
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic composition of a cell

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4
Q

What is phenotype determined by?

A

The proteins that are made when the gene is expressed

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5
Q

What do genes code for?

A

Proteins which perform all the functions required by each cell

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6
Q

What is genotype determined by?

A

The sequence of DNA bases in genes

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7
Q

What does gene expression involve?

A

The transcription and translation of DNA sequences to produce proteins

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8
Q

What is protein synthesis?

A

Using transcription and translation of DNA sequences to produce proteins

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9
Q

What does transcription involve?

A

Copying the sequence of bases in a gene to create mRNA

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10
Q

What does transcription create?

A

mRNA

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11
Q

What is translation?

A

When the sequence creates by transcription is turned into an amino acid sequence of a protein

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12
Q

What is RNA?

A

A nucleic acid

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13
Q

Why can RNA form complementary strands with DNA

A

As it has a similar structure to DNA

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14
Q

Is RNA double or single stranded?

A

Single

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15
Q

What does RNA have instead of thymine?

A

Uracil

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16
Q

What type of sugar do RNA nucleotides have?

A

Ribose

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17
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

18
Q

What does rRNA stand for?

A

Ribosomal RNA

19
Q

What does tRNA stand for?

A

Transfer RNA

20
Q

What does mRNA stand for?

A

Messenger RNA

21
Q

What does mRNA carry?

A

A copy of the DNA code for a gene from the nucleus to ribosome

22
Q

Where does mRNA a carry the copy of DNA code?

A

From the nucleus to the ribosome

23
Q

How is a molecule of mRNA formed?

A

The base sequence of the gene is transcribed

24
Q

What does each triplet of mRNA codon correspond to?

A

A specific amino acid

25
Q

What is this series of codons translated into?

A

An amino acid sequence by the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

26
Q

What is tRNA?

A

A single strand of rRNA that folds back on itself

27
Q

What holds tRNA’s correct shape?

A

Complementary base pairing

28
Q

What does each tRNA have?

A

An exposed triplet of bases at one end and an amino acid attachment site at the other

29
Q

What is the correct name for the exposed triplet of bases on tRNA?

A

Anti-codon

30
Q

What does each tRNA carry?

A

A specific amino acid to the ribosome

31
Q

Why does tRNA carry a specific amino acid? It

A

So that it can be translated into a protein

32
Q

What combines to form a ribosome?

A

rRNA name a protein

33
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

The molecular machine that reads the mRNA code and assembles a protein

34
Q

What does genetic code determine?

A

The sequence of amino acids in a protein

35
Q

How many triplets are there in the genetic code?

A

64

36
Q

How many different amino acids are found in proteins?

A

20

37
Q

What does the sequence of amino acids determine?

A

The structure, shape and function of the produced protein

38
Q

What is the first step of protein synthesis?

A

Copy a gene to form an mRNA molecule which is then spliced

39
Q

What is the second step of protein synthesis?

A

The modified mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm

40
Q

What is the third step of protein synthesis?

A

Ribosome attached to the mRNA and amino acids are lined up to form a polypeptide. The polypeptide folds to form a protein

41
Q
A

Higher biology (20 decks)

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