KA4- Cellular differentiation Flashcards
What are cells controlled by?
Their genetic information
What do all cells in multicellular organisms contain?
The same genetic information
What is selective gene expression?
The process by which an unspecialised cell develops specialised functions
How does selective gene expression occur?
By only expressing genes and producing protein characteristics for that cell type
What does each cell contain?
All the genes for constructing the whole organism
Where is insulin only produced?
The pancreas
What happens to essential genes during differentiation?
They remain switched on
Give an example of essential genes?
Genes coding for respiration
What happens to cell specific genes during differentiation?
They are switched on
Give an example of cell specific genes
Insulin genes are needed in pancreas cells
What happens to unnecessary genes during differentiation?
They are switched off
What happens once a cell becomes differentiated?
It only expresses genes essential for life and genes that code for proteins specific to that particular type of cell
In multicellular plants, where is growth restricted to?
Meristems
What are meristems?
Regions of unspecialised plant cells that can self-renew and differentiate
How does each meristem cell divide into two?
Mitosis
