KA2- DNA replication

Question 1

Where does DNA replication occur?

Answer 1

The nucleus

Question 2

When does DNA replication happen?

Answer 2

Before nuclear division

Question 3

What does DNA replication ensure?

Answer 3

That a complete set of genetic information is passed on to new cells and the next generation

Question 4

What does DNA replication produce?

Answer 4

Exact copies of the parent DNA molecule

Question 5

Why is DNA unique?

Answer 5

As it can replicate itself

Question 6

What is the first stage of DNA replication?

Answer 6

DNA unwinding

Question 7

What does DNA unwinding create?

Answer 7

A replication fork with two template strands

Question 8

What happens to the hydrogen bonds during first stage of DNA replication?

Answer 8

They break

Question 9

What does a primer bind to?

Answer 9

The template strand with an exposed 3’ end

Question 10

Why must a primer be present?

Answer 10

As DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing strand

Question 11

What is a primer made of?

Answer 11

A short sequence of nucleotides

Question 12

What replication is continuous?

Answer 12

The template strand that has the 3’ end

Question 13

What replication strand forms the leading strand?

Answer 13

The one that has continuous replication

Question 14

What is DNA polymerase?

Answer 14

The enzyme that adds individual nucleotides to the new DNA strand

Question 15

How do free nucleotides line up?

Answer 15

Using complementary base pairing

Question 16

What can DNA polymerase do?

Answer 16

Only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a primer

Question 17

What does DNA polymerase join?

Answer 17

The sugar of the primer to the phosphate of the first nucleotide

Question 18

What does DNA polymerase help form?

Answer 18

A new strand

Question 19

How does DNA polymerase continue adding nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand?

Answer 19

Forming bonds between their sugars and phosphates

Question 20

Why is the leading strand continuous?

Answer 20

As the process of DNA polymerase adding nucleotides to the 3’ end is repeated until the entire molecule has been replicated

Question 21

What must happen to each fragment in the lagging strand?

Answer 21

It must be primed

Question 22

Why must each fragment be primed?

Answer 22

To allow DNA polymerase to add nucleotides

Question 23

How can DNA only grow?

Answer 23

By adding nucleotides to its 3’ end

Question 24

What type of replication is the lagging strand?

Answer 24

Discontinuous

Question 25

What happens once replication of lagging strand is complete?

Answer 25

The primer is replaced with DNA

Question 26

What does DNA ligase do?

Answer 26

Joins the fragments together to create the lagging strand of DNA

Question 27

What are the 5 requirements for DNA replication?

Answer 27

1. DNA
2. Primers
3. DNA nucleotides
4. Enzymes
5. ATP

Question 28

Why do we need ATP?

Answer 28

For energy

Question 29

What are the enzymes we use in DNA replication?

Answer 29

DNA polymerase
DNA ligase

Question 30

Why do we need primers?

Answer 30

Act as an existing chain for DNA polymerase to attach to

Question 31

What is DNA replication essential for?

Answer 31

The continuation of life

Question 32

What is DNA replication essential to ensure?

Answer 32

That exact copies of a specific genetic information is passed from cell to cell during growth, and from one generation till the next during reproduction