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Higher biology > KA2- Respiration > Flashcards

KA2- Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is respiration?

A

A series of vital metabolic pathways found in all living things

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2
Q

What are respiration pathways responsible for?

A

The production of ATP

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3
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Series of vital metabolic pathways that releases energy from food and generates ATP

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4
Q

What is the full name of ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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5
Q

What is ATP made from?

A

Adenosine and three inorganic phosphate groups

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6
Q

What happens when ATP breaks down?

A

Large amounts of energy are released quickly

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7
Q

How is energy from ATP released?

A

When the bond attached to the terminal phosphate is broken by enzyme action, and is converted into ADP + Pi

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8
Q

How is ATP regenerated?

A

By adding the terminal phosphate back on using an enzyme and energy released during respiration

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9
Q

What is the proper name for
ADP + Pi —> ATP?

A

Phosphorylation

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10
Q

What does ATP act as?

A

An energy transfer molecule between energy releasing and energy consuming reactants

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11
Q

What are the three stages involved in the metabolic pathway of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain

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12
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

Matrix of the mitochondrion

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14
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

A

The mitochondria

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15
Q

What is the overall equation for respiration?

A

Glucose + O2 —> Co2 + H2O + energy

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16
Q

Where do glucose and oxygen diffuse into the cell from?

A

Blood

17
Q

How does carbon dioxide leave?

A

Diffusion

18
Q

How is water moved?

A

Osmosis

19
Q

Where is energy stored?

A

ATP

20
Q

What does glycolysis not require?

A

Oxygen

21
Q

What happens to one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

A

Split into two molecules of our age in a series of enzyme controlled steps

22
Q

What are 2 ATP molecules used to do?

A

Phosphorylate glucose and some of the intermediate compounds

23
Q

What is the energy investment stage of glycolysis?

A

When 2 ATP molecules phosphorylate glucose and some of the intermediate compounds

24
Q

What does the energy investment stage make?

A

Glucose more reactive and able to split into 2 3 carbon pieces

25
Q

What happens during the energy payoff phase?

A

4 molecules of ATP are generated, giving a net gain of 2 ATP

26
Q

What happens to H+ ions and electrons during the energy payoff phase?

A

They are removed by dehydrogenase enzymes and are passed to NAD, forming NADH

27
Q

What does NADH do?

A

Delivers H+ ions and electrons to the electron transport chain

Higher biology (33 decks)

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