KA2- Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
A series of vital metabolic pathways found in all living things
What are respiration pathways responsible for?
The production of ATP
What is cellular respiration?
Series of vital metabolic pathways that releases energy from food and generates ATP
What is the full name of ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP made from?
Adenosine and three inorganic phosphate groups
What happens when ATP breaks down?
Large amounts of energy are released quickly
How is energy from ATP released?
When the bond attached to the terminal phosphate is broken by enzyme action, and is converted into ADP + Pi
How is ATP regenerated?
By adding the terminal phosphate back on using an enzyme and energy released during respiration
What is the proper name for
ADP + Pi —> ATP?
Phosphorylation
What does ATP act as?
An energy transfer molecule between energy releasing and energy consuming reactants
What are the three stages involved in the metabolic pathway of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
Matrix of the mitochondrion
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
The mitochondria
What is the overall equation for respiration?
Glucose + O2 —> Co2 + H2O + energy
Where do glucose and oxygen diffuse into the cell from?
Blood
How does carbon dioxide leave?
Diffusion
How is water moved?
Osmosis
Where is energy stored?
ATP
What does glycolysis not require?
Oxygen
What happens to one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?
Split into two molecules of our age in a series of enzyme controlled steps
What are 2 ATP molecules used to do?
Phosphorylate glucose and some of the intermediate compounds
What is the energy investment stage of glycolysis?
When 2 ATP molecules phosphorylate glucose and some of the intermediate compounds
What does the energy investment stage make?
Glucose more reactive and able to split into 2 3 carbon pieces
What happens during the energy payoff phase?
4 molecules of ATP are generated, giving a net gain of 2 ATP
What happens to H+ ions and electrons during the energy payoff phase?
They are removed by dehydrogenase enzymes and are passed to NAD, forming NADH
What does NADH do?
Delivers H+ ions and electrons to the electron transport chain
