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Higher biology > KA3- Translation > Flashcards

KA3- Translation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is translation?

A

The synthesis of a polypeptide which then folds into a protein

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2
Q

How does tRNA carrying specific amino acids line up?

A

Anti-codon to codon

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3
Q

During translation where does mRNA attach?

A

To ribosomes in the cytoplasm

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4
Q

How are amino acids joined?

A

In the correct sequence to form a polypeptide

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5
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

The cytoplasm

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6
Q

What does translation involve?

A

mRNA, ribosomes and tRNA

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7
Q

What happens in the ribosome?

A

mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons join together, lining up the tRNA molecules in a specific order and translating the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids

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8
Q

What happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon?

A

It creates a break in the chain

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9
Q

What happens to the polypeptide chain when it reaches the stop codon?

A

It completes and detaches from the ribosome

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10
Q

What happens to the codons of the mature mRNA transcript?

A

They are converted into an amino acid sequence and a polypeptide is built

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11
Q

What are specific amino acids collected by?

A

tRNA molecules which have anti-codons complementary to the mRNA codons

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12
Q

What is the first stage of translation?

A

mRNA binds to the ribosome

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13
Q

What is the start codon?

A

AUG

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14
Q

What is the second stage of translation?

A

AUG acts as a start codon

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15
Q

What is the third stage of translation?

A

tRNA picks up a specific amino acid in the cytoplasm and carries it to the ribosome

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16
Q

What is the fourth stage of translation?

A

The tRNA anticodon binds to a codon on the mRNA

17
Q

What does the fourth stage do?

A

Lines the amino acids in order

18
Q

What is the fifth stage of translation?

A

Peptide bonds form between the amino acids to form a polypeptide chain

19
Q

What is the sixth stage of translation?

A

The tRNA detaches from its amino acid and goes off to collect another one

20
Q

What is the seventh stage of translation?

A

When the ribosome reaches a stop codon

21
Q

What is the eighth stage of translation?

A

The polypeptide chain is complete and it detaches from the ribosome

22
Q

What is the ninth stage of translation?

A

The ribosome components disassemble and move to another start codon

Higher biology (20 decks)

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