July 4, 2019 Flashcards
Which hemisphere is responsible for math and language
-the left hemisphere
Which hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the emotional tone of language, music, special processing
-it is the right hemisphere
What is the reticular formation
-neuronal somas scattered through the brainstem
What are long tracts
- collection of axons connecting cerebrum and brainstem
- >2 long tracts are: motor(uppermotor neurons) and somatosensory
Do basal ganglia have upper motor neurons
- no they don’t
- > but they help motor areas perform proper movements
- > also involved with cognition and emotion
Where is glycine produced
-in spinal cord(PNS)
Is Ach released for lower motor neurons
-yes
Where is serotonin released from
- they are releseased by lots of nuclei from all over the brainstem
- > the nuclei are called raphe nuclei
- > raphe nuclei release it to the cerebral cortex
- > also to other parts of the nervous system
What are examples of mono amine neurotransmitters
-serotonin, histamine, dopaminem epinpepherine and norepinepherine
Give example of amino acid neurotransmitters
-glutamate, gaba and glycine
Give examples of peptide neurotransmitters
-peptides
What are the different ways lesions can be done
- tissue removal
- > surgical removal, surgical aspiration
- radiofrequency lesions
- > used to destroy tissue on surface of brain and deep inside the brain
- > use high frequency current which heats up and destroys tissue
- neurochemical lesions
- > kainic acid(destroys cell bodies) and oxidopamine(destroys dopamine and norepinepherine neurons)
- cortical cooling
Describe CT scans
- X rays create image of the brain
- >but can’t give information about brain activity
Describe MRI scans
- this method uses radio waves
- > radio waves introduced to disrupt orientation of atoms
- > as atoms move back to alignment with magnetic field, they release signals that images are created
Describe the characteristics of EEG
- it is external
- > can’t tell us the activity of individual groups/neurons
- > can only look at sum total
- > non-iinvasive
-gives info about seizures, sleep stages, cognitive tasks
