July 11, 2019 Flashcards
What is the purpose of the lateral hypothalamus
- One missing with LH lacks hunger
- so with LH, there are positive signals for us to start eating
What is the purpose of the ventromedial hypothalamus
- when is one missing, Very Much Hungry
- > so when functioning properly, it signals us to stop eating
-this is induced by having lectin present in the blood
Describe the four stages in the sexual response cycle
1) Excitement phase
- >marked by increased heart rate, muscle tension, blood pressure, etc
2) Plateau
3) Orgasm
4) Refractory period
How do sociocultural and hormonal factors affect the sexual response cycle
Sociocultural
->varied sexual response due to age, cultural background, stimulus(how responsive we are), emotions and desires(procreate or not)
Hormones
- > prolactin is related to sexual gratification and is associated with relieving sexual arousal after an orgasm
- > endorphins produce feelings of euphoria
- > oxytocin is released after an orgasm to facilitate bonds and feelings of connectedness
What is the definition of attitude
- it is a learned tendency to evaluate things in a certain way
- > to evaluate people, issues, events or objects
What are the three components of attitude
1) Affective(emotional)
2) Behavioural
3) Cognitive
What is the theory of planned behaviour
- it has to do with intentions and implications
- >the best predictor of behaviour is the strength of the intentions and implications
What are intentions in the theory of planned behaviour based on
1) Attitudes
2) Subjective norms
3) perceived behavioural control
What is the attitude to behaviour process model
- an event triggers our attitude
- >then attitude+some outside knowledge together determines the behaviour
What is the prototype willingness model
- behaviour is a function of 6 things
1) Past behaviour
2) Attitudes
3) Subjective norms
4) Our intentions
5) Our willingness to engage in a specific type of behaviour
6) Models/prototyping
What is the elaboration likelihood model for persuasion
- 2 ways in which info is processed
- > central route of persuasion
- > peripheral route of persuasion
What is effort justification
- people’s tendency to attribute a greater value to an outcome they had to put effort into acquiring or achieving
- note minimal justification leads to greater cognitive dissonance
What is cognitive dissonance
- it is the discomfort experienced when holding 2 or more conflicting cognitions
- > these conflicting cognitions can be alleviated by alteration in our beliefs/behaviours
How do you reduce cognitive discomfort(four ways)
1)Modify our cognitions
2) Trivialize
- >make the cognition less important
3) Add more cognitions
4) Deny facts
What is the situational approach to behaviour
- we are placed in new situations every day
- >these situations affect our behaviour
What is social psychology
- it is a branch of psychology that analyzes the situation approach to behaviour
- > and emphasizes influence on social phenomena and people interactions
-focuses on interactions between individuals and external environment
What are the three main parts of external attribution
1) Consistency
- >does person usually behave this way
2)Consensus
3) Distinctiveness
- >does person behave differently in different situations
What does psychoanalytic theory say about personality
- that it is shaped by our childhood experiences
- >the child’s unconscious feelings and past memories
What is projection, regression, subblimation
Projection
->projecting feelings of inadequacy on other people
Regression
->defence mechanism where one regresses to position of child in problematic situations
Sublimation
->defense mechanism where unwanted impulses are transformed into something less harmful
What does the humanistic theory focus on
- it focuses on healthy personality development and that all humans are seen as inherently good
- the most basic motive of all people is to achieve self actualization
- focuses on the conscious and that we are self-motivated to improve
- > unlike Freud, who focuses on fixations
What are the two things that need to be present for a person to achieve self-actualization in Rogers theory
1)Growth is nurtured when an individual is genuine
2) Growth is nurtured through acceptance
- >unconditional positive regard from others
What is key to Rogers and Maslow’s theories
- self concept
- >achieved when we bring genuiness and acceptance together
What does the behaviourist theory say about personality
- that personality is the result of learned behaviour patterns
- > based on a person’s environment
What theories does the cognitive theory bridge
-psychoanalytic and the behavioural approach
What is a surface trait and what is a source trait
- it is evident from a person’s behaviour
- source trait are factors underlying human personality(fewer and more abstract)
What did Gordon Allport come up with in relation to personality
- all of us have different traits
- 3 basic categories of traits
- > cardinal traits(dominant traits)
- > central traits(less dominant than cardinal)
- > secondary traits(preferences or attitudes)
What are the three dimensions of personalities in Eysenck’s theory(acronym is PEN)
1) Psychoticism
- >degree to which reality is distorted
2)Extroversion
3) Neuroticism
- >emotional stability
