Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICC1 > iron deficiency anemia megaloblastic anemia > Flashcards

iron deficiency anemia megaloblastic anemia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of macrocytic anemia ?

A

megaloblastic and non megaloblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the principal cause of megaloblastic anemia ?

A

b12 deficiency and folate deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some sources of b12 ?

A

eggs, dairy and sea fish products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is vitamin b12 mainy stored ?

A

in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what factor binds to b12 ?

A

intrinsic factor made by gastric parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is b12 mainly absorbed ?

A

in the terminal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what carrier protein attaches to B12 once it is in the portal circulation ?

A

transcobalamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of vitamin b12 ?

A

formation of the active form of folate needed for DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the causes of vitamin b12 deficiency?

A 
nutritional deficiencies:
alcoholics 
dietary lack 
gastrointestinal deficiencies :
peptic ulcers 
pernicious anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which type of diets puts a person at a higher risk of b12 deficiency ?

A

vegans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the possible causes of impaired absorption leading to b12 deficiency ?

A 
pernicious anemia 
terminal ileac disease (crohns disease)
gastrectomy 
fish tapeworm 
alcoholism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what kind of metabolic inhibition can cause b12 deficiency ?

A

enotox overuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the clinical presentation of vitamin b12 deficiency ?

A 
megaloblastic anemia 
atrophic glossitis 
angular stomatitis  
sterility 
neurological manifestations (peripheral neuropathy )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does absorption of folate happen ?

A

in the duodenum and jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the causes of folate deficiency

A

dietary deficiency - reduced intake of folate rich foods

malabsorption - colieac disease, tropical sprue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is there an excessive demand for folate

A

during pregnancy and prematurity

17
Q

what kind of drugs can cause folate deficiency ?

A

folate antagonists such as anticonvulsants (methotrexate)

18
Q

what is the clinical presentation of folate deficiency ?

A

similar to b12 deficiency but without the evident neurological defects except neural tube defects in foetuses

19
Q

what investigations are required to make a diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia ?

A 
full CBC 
blood film 
serum vitamin b12 and folate 
liver function tests and LDH 
gastric parietal cell and intrinsic factor antibodies 
coeliac screen 
schilling test - test of b12 absorption
20
Q

what would you find in the blood film of megaloblastic anemia ?

A

oval macrocytes
neutrophil hyper-segmentation ( shift to the right)
reticulocytopenia
tear drop cells

21
Q

what would a shift to the left indicate ?

A

band neutrophils

22
Q

why is there an increase in unconjugated bilirubin and LDH ?

A

ineffective erythropoiesis ( destruction of erythroid precursors in the marrow before they have reached maturity)

23
Q

what is the initial treatment for vitamin b12 deficiency ?

A

initially a loading dose of hydroxycobalamin 1mg intramuscularly three times a week for two weeks

24
Q

what is the subsequent treatment of vitamin b12 deficiency ?

A

hydroxycobalamin 1 mg intramuscularly

25
Q

if there is no malapsorption what can be given for b12 deficiency ?

A

cyanocobalamin orally ( dietary deficiency)

26
Q

why might iron and folate be given along with b12 treatment ?

A

huge number of red blood cells being made

27
Q

what are the contraindications of using folate and vitamin b12 ?

A

folate must never be given first before b12 as this can aggravate neurological problems

28
Q

how would you treat folate deficiency ?

A

folic acid tablets 5mg daily given for 3-4 months

29
Q

what is the prophylactic dose of folate for pregnant women ?

A

400ug reduced the risk of neural tube defects

30
Q

what are the differential diagnosis of macrocytic anemia ?

A 
liver disease 
alcohol 
hypothyroidism 
cytotoxic drugs 
haematological disease
31
Q

what is the MCV is macrocytic anemia ?

A

> 99

ICC1 (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions