basic X-ray

Question 1

what does the silhouette sign describe ?

Answer 1

an intrathoracic lesion in contact with thee border of the heart, aorta or the diaphragm will obliterate that border on the radiograph

Question 2

what is the pathology in is the air bronchogram sign seen ?

Answer 2

when there is oedema or infiltration of the lung tissue right next to the bronchi

Question 3

in what condition is air bronchogram seen ?

Answer 3

consolidation

Question 4

types of interstitial opacities ?

Answer 4

reticular - too many lines
nodular - too many dots
reticulonodular - too many lines and dots

Question 5

horizontal fissure in relation to the hilum of the lung ?

Answer 5

hilum of the lung is above the horizontal fissure

Question 6

what is a sail shaped opacity ?

Answer 6

triangular shaped opacity

Question 7

air fluid level in the lung ?

Answer 7

abscess
cavitation

Question 8

what clues do multiple lung nodules give us ?

Answer 8

greater than 5mm - likely metastasis
less than 5 mm - sarcoid, miliary TB

Question 9

what is the menisccus sign associated with ?

Answer 9

pleural effusion

Question 10

what other radiological sign is seen in pleural effusion ?

Answer 10

obliterated costophrenic angle

Question 11

what are the radiological findings associated with pneumothorax ?

Answer 11

flattened diaphragm
collapsed lung
mediastinal shift away from the collapsed lung

Question 12

when can we diagnose cardiomegaly on chest x-ray ?

Answer 12

when the maximum diameter of the heart is greater than 50% of the transverse diameter

Question 13

what are the x-ray findings of heart failure

Answer 13

Alveolar edema ( batwing perihilar shadowing )
B kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
D upper lobe blood diversion
E pleural effusion
Fluid in the horizontal fissure