bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract

Question 1

what is the bacteria associated with strep throat ?

Answer 1

streptococcus pyogens

Question 2

what toxin associated condition is occasionally seen at the time of or just following a strep pyogenes infection ?

Answer 2

scarlet fever

Question 3

what aree the features of scarlet fever ?

Answer 3

desquamating rash
strawbeery tongue

Question 4

what are the differential diagnosis of a strawbery tongue ?

Answer 4

scarlet fever
kawasaki vasculitis

Question 5

what is the most common causative organism of epiglottitis ?

Answer 5

h.Influenza

Question 6

what is the classic presentation of epiglottitis ?

Answer 6

drooling
inspiratory stridor

Question 7

scar on shoulder where thee vaccine was denotes ?

Answer 7

scar of BCG vaccine
to protect against mycobacterium TB

Question 8

what blue stain is used for mycobacterium ?

Answer 8

ziehl - neelsen

Question 9

what other common staining technique is used to identify mycobacteria ?

Answer 9

auramine fluorescent stain

Question 10

what medication causes red urine ?

Answer 10

rifampcin

Question 11

what arre the complications of the TB drugs ?

Answer 11

isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy and hepatitis
ethambutol - visual disturbance
pyrazinamide - hepatotoxicity

Question 12

what are the risk factors associated with hospital acquired pneumonia ?

Answer 12

length of time on ventilator
length of stay in the hospital
rise in gastric pH
nasogastric tube
extremes of age
chronic resp tract disease

Question 13

what organisms can be identified with aerobic and anaerobic culture bottle and butterfly in CAP ?

Answer 13

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus

Question 14

what diseases is strep pneumoniae associated with ?

Answer 14

 Septicaemia
 Meningitis
 Acute otitis media
 Community acquired pneumonia

Question 15

what is the most common mean of diagnosing mycoplasma pneumonaie ?

Answer 15

serology testing

Question 16

what is the gold standard for the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae ?

Answer 16

four fold rise in titre

Question 17

what is the most active agent against mycoplasma pneumonaei ?

Answer 17

macrolides

Question 18

history of travel , on culture appears to be gram negative bacteria in rods and lots of white blood cells ?

Answer 18

legionella
legionnaire’s disease

Question 19

what is the treatment for legionnaires disease ?

Answer 19

macrolide with or without rifampcin

Question 20

what is the most likely source of infection in legionella ?

Answer 20

shower heads
hot tubs
AC
fountains

Question 21

diagnosis of legionnaires disease ?

Answer 21

urinary antigen test