bronchogenic carcinoma LGW

Question 1

where does squamous cell ccarcinoma spread too ?

Answer 1

mediastinum early

Question 2

where does adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma spread to ?

Answer 2

pleura early

Question 3

what is thee presentation of SVC syndrome ?

Answer 3

dyspnoea, orthopnea, facial plethora and dilated/engorged veins, formation of collaterals

Question 4

how is a diagnosis of SVC confirmed ?

Answer 4

CT scan of the thorax

Question 5

what is the treatment for SVC syndrome ?

Answer 5

Symptomatic management includes oral dexamethasone and an urgent contrast-enhanced CT

Question 6

what is the staging for SCLC ?

Answer 6

limited - 1-2 year median survival ( confined to ipsilateral fossa)
extensive - 6-12 months median survival

Question 7

what is the treatment for SCLC ?

Answer 7

surgery is usually contraindicated
chemotherapy is highly sensitive initially
radiotherapy if there is SVC

Question 8

what is the clinical picture of SqCC vs Adenocarcinoma ?

Answer 8

SqCC - is more central and presents with hemoptysis, cough and dyspnea

adenocarcinoma is more peripheral and the presentation is associated with pleuritic chest pain

Question 9

what is the method of taking a biopsy if the affection is central Vs peripherally situated vs mediastinal vs pleural ?

Answer 9

central - bronchoscopy
peripheral - CT orr US guided biopsy
pleural - thoracoscopy