hyperlipidemia

Question 1

what drugs can cause secondary hyperlipidemia ?

Answer 1

BOAT of C
beta blockers
Oral contraceptives
Anti retro-virals
Thiazide diuretics
Corticosteroids

Question 2

what are the clinical features of familial hypercholesterolemia ?

Answer 2

corneal arcus
xanthelasma
xanthoma

Question 3

is fasting required before performing lipid profile ?

Answer 3

fasting only affects the triglycerides level not LDL
fasting is required before lipid profile if the triglyceride level is above 400 or in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 4

what is the formula used to calculate the LDL C ?

Answer 4

TC - (HDL + TG/5 )

Question 5

what is the most famous risk stratification system ?

Answer 5

SCORE system
systematic coronary risk evaluation

Question 6

what are the different risk associations with the SCORE system ?

Answer 6

less than 1% - low risk
1-5% moderate risk
5-10% high risk
more than 10% is a very high risk

Question 7

when should a lipid profile be done in relation to an MI ?

Answer 7

48 hours after the onset or 3 months after

Question 8

what is recommended as the primary lipid analysis for screening, diagnosis and management ?

Answer 8

LDL-C

Question 9

what can be used instead of LDL-C as a tool for primary lipid analysis ?

Answer 9

ApoB

Question 10

what is the first line therapy for patients who have a triglyceride level above 200 mg ?

Answer 10

statins

Question 11

what is the next best step in management iff the triglyceride level is still high after administration of high dose statins ?

Answer 11

either icosapent ethyl or fenofibrate

Question 12

what is the management if the triglyceride level if it is above 500 mg ?

Answer 12

the main concern is to prevent pancreatitis

Question 13

what are the drugs used for the reduction of LDL ?

Answer 13

statins
ezetimibe
bile acid sequestrants
PCSK9 inhibitors

Question 14

what are the drugs used for the reduction of the level of triglycerides ?

Answer 14

fibrates
omega3
icosapentaethyl

Question 15

what drugs are used for low levels of HDL ?

Answer 15

Niacin

Question 16

what labs must be done before the initiation of statin therapy ?

Answer 16

baseline liver functions

Question 17

how often should lipid profile be done ?

Answer 17

once every 3 months until the target is reached , then annual once target is reached

Question 18

what are thee indications to stopping statin ?

Answer 18

iff the ALT is 3 times the normal range or CCK is 10 times the normal range

Question 19

what is the algorithm associated with pharmacological therapy in treatment of dyslipidemia ?

Answer 19

statin first
if not tolerated
ezemitibe
if not
PCSK9 inhibitor

Question 20

what are the target LDL levels with therapy ?

Answer 20

v high risk - below 55
high risk - below 70
moderate risk - below 100
low risk - below 116