Iron Flashcards
what are some general sources of iron
red meat, seafood, legumes, leafy greens, dried fruit, fortified flours
what are some excellent sources of iron
clams, eastern oysters, beef liver
what are some good sources of iron
cooked spinach, collards, legumes, eye of the round beef, ground beef, dark meat turkey,
what are some other sources of iron
chicken, pork, salmon, grouper, green peas, broccoli, dried apricots, pasta, quinoa, rice, bread
how is heme iron digested
hydrolyzed from globulin by proteases
where is heme iron digested
stomach and SI
where is heme iron absorbed
duodenum and proximal jejunum
how much of heme iron is absorbed
25%
how is heme iron absorbed
heme carrier protein 1 (hcp1) moves across brush border, sometimes assisted with PCFT. Then heme oxygenases inside cell hydrolyze porphyrin ring into ferrous iron and protoporhyrin
where is heme iron found
meat and animal products
where is nonheme iron found
plant sources
how is nonheme iron digested
hydrolyzed in GI bu HCL and proteases. Cause ferric iron to convert to ferrous iron
Ferric iron can do two things, what are they
complex to ferric hydroxide, which is not absorbed OR reduced to ferrous state by cytochrome reducatases
what is the main transporter in the brush border
DCT/DMT1
Once inside the enterocyte, iron
binds to PCBP1, Transcytosis via DMT1-bound ferrous iron, or turned to mobilferrin
The regulation of iron absorption is regulated by
hepcidin, a liver protein
these inhibit nonheme iron absorption
polyphenols, oxalic acid, phytic acid, phosvitin, calcium, zinc, manganese
these enhance nonheme absorption
fructose, sorbitol, ascorbic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric, meat, poultry, fish, mucin
how is iron transported
attached to transferrin
where is iron stored
liver, bone marrow, spleen
how is iron stored
initially apoferritin, transferratin, then moves to ferritin
who is at risk for iron deficiency anemia
hemmorrhage, hemodialysis, GI transit time, diarrhea, infection, GI surgeries, protein-energy malnutrition, renal disease, achlorhydria, polonged antiacid/proton pump inhibitor use
what are s/s of iron deficiency anemia in children
pallor, listlessness, behavioral disturbances, impaired cognitive tasks, irreversible impairment of learning ability, short attention span.
what are s/s of iron deficiency anemia in adults
decreased productivity and work performance, fatigue, increased infection, disease
how do we assess iron status
hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma ferritin concentration, transferrin saturation, TIBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC
what are the s/s or iron deficiency
abdominal pain, V, diarrhea, blood in feces, hypovolemic shock, acidosis, coma, live failure.
what is the RDA for iron in men
8mg
what is the iron RDA for premenopausal women
18mg
what is the iron RDA for pregnant wome
26mg/day
what is the iron RDA for lactating women
9mg/day
what is the TUL for
45mg/day
