Calcium Flashcards
What are some excellent sources of calcium
milk, yogurt, fortfied orange juice, tofu, sardines
what are some good sources of calcium
salmon, navy beans
what forms can we find calcium in
calcium citrate and calcium carbonate
where is calcium absorbed
the duodenum and proximal jejunum
what methods can calcium be absorbed
in either a saturable, carrier-mediated, active transcellular transport or diffusion
what is required in the carrier-mediated transport of calcium
transient receptor potential canilloid (TRPV6) to cross the brush border, then cystolic binding protein Calvindin D9k to bind calcium to enterocytes. Transports to blood through high affinity CA2+ATPas pump and PMCA1b
what is needed for passive diffusion of calcium
gradient between lumen and basolateral side of enterocyte
what is the efficiency of calcium absorption
25-30%
what enhances the absorption of Ca
protein intake, lactose, sugar alcohols, vitamin D
what inhibits the absorption of Ca
oxalic acid, phytic acid, fiber, magnesium, zinc, unabsorbed FA
How is Ca transported
bound to proteins (albumin)
What is Ca deficiency called
Hypocalcemia
Who is at risk for hypocalcemia
immobile patients, pts with fat malabsorption conditions like exocrine pancreatic conditions, cirrhosis, and intestinal conditions
What are associated deficiencies with CA
Rickets and Osteopenia, T2DM, MetS, Obesity, Colon Cancer
What are some S/S of Ca deficiency
muscle spasms, Chvostek signs (facial spasms), Trousseau phenomenon (spastic muscle contractions in hand)
