Introductory Geometry and Measurement, (k-2 new curriculum), Introduction à la géométrie et aux mesures, (nouveau programme d'études de la maternelle à la deuxième année) Flashcards
two or more shapes that form one resulting shape
deux ou plusieurs formes qui forment une forme résultante
composite shape
une forme composite
composite = “made up of distinct parts or elements,” c. 1400, from Old French composite, from Latin compositus “placed together,” past participle of componere “to put together, to collect a whole from several parts,” from com “with, together” (see com-) + ponere “to place” (past participle positus; see position (n.)).
the division between the matching halves of a symmetrical shape
la division entre les moitiés correspondantes d’une forme symétrique
line of symmetry
la ligne de symétrie
symmetry = directly from Latin symmetria, from Greek symmetria “agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement,” from symmetros “having a common measure, even, proportionate.” This is from assimilated form of syn- “together” (see syn-) + metron “measure” (from PIE root *me- (2) “to measure”).
Name this shape:
Nommez cette forme :
circle
Un cercle
circle = c. 1300, “figure of a circle, a plane figure whose periphery is everywhere equidistant from its center point,” from Old French cercle “circle, ring (for the finger); hoop of a helmet or barrel” (12c.), from Latin circulus “circular figure; small ring, hoop; circular orbit” (also source of Italian cerchio), diminutive of circus “ring”
Name this shape:
Nommez cette forme :
triangle
un triangle
triangle = “three-sided rectilineal geometric figure,” late 14c., from Old French triangle (13c.) and directly from Latin triangulum “triangle,” noun use of neuter of adjective triangulus “three-cornered, having three angles,” from tri- “three” (see tri-) + angulus “corner, angle” (see angle (n.)).
Name this shape:
Nommez cette forme :
cube
un cube
cube = from French cube (13c.) and directly from Latin cubus, from Greek kybos “a six-sided die,” used metaphorically of dice-like blocks of any sort, also “cake; piece of salted fish; vertebra,” of uncertain origin. Beekes points out that “words for dice are often loans” and that “the Lydians claimed to have invented the game” of kybos.
The mathematical also was in the ancient Greek word: the Greeks threw with three dice
Name this shape:
Nommez cette forme :
cylinder
un cylindre
cylinder = late 14c., chilindre, “portable sundial in the shape of a cylinder with a conical top,” from Old French cylindre (14c.) and directly from Latin cylindrus “roller, cylinder,” from Greek kylindros “a cylinder, roller, roll,” from kylindein “to roll,” which is of unknown origin.
From 1560s as “a solid figure which may be conceived as generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides.”
Name this shape:
Nommez cette forme :
square
Un carré
square = quadrus “a square” (from PIE root *kwetwer- “four”).
The meaning “square shape or area” is recorded by late 14c. (Old English used feower-scyte). The geometric sense of “four-sided rectilinear figure” is from 1550s.
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Nommez cette forme :
rectangle
un rectangle
rectangle = in geometry, “quadrilateral plane figure having all its angles right and all its opposite sides equal,” 1570s, from French rectangle (16c.), from rect-, combining form of Latin rectus “right” (from PIE root *reg- “move in a straight line,” with derivatives meaning “to direct in a straight line”) + Old French angle (see angle (n.)).
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Nommez cette forme :
prism
un prisme
prism = 1560s, in geometry, “a solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and parallel plane polygons, and whose sides are parallelograms” (not always triangular), from Late Latin prisma, from Greek prisma “a geometrical prism, trilateral column,” (Euclid), literally “something sawed (as a block of wood), sawdust,” from prizein, priein “to saw” (related to prion “a saw”), which is of uncertain origin. Euclid chose the word, apparently, on the image of a column with the sides sawn off.
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Nommez cette forme :
sphere
une sphère
sphere = a re-Latinized spelling, attested beginning mid-15c., of Middle English spere (c. 1300) “cosmos; space, conceived as a hollow globe about the world,” from Anglo-French espiere, Old French espere (13c., Modern French sphère), from Latin sphaera “globe, ball, celestial sphere” (Medieval Latin spera), from Greek sphaira “globe, ball, playing ball, terrestrial globe,” a word of unknown origin.
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Nommez cette forme :
pyramid
une pyramide
pyramid = 1550s “massive monumental stone structure of polygonl plan, the sides of which slope in planes to a common apex,” also a geometrical solid resembling this, (earlier in Latin form piramis, late 14c., or nativized in Middle English as piram), from French pyramide (Old French piramide “obelisk, stela,” 12c.), from Latin pyramides, plural of pyramis “one of the pyramids of Egypt,” from Greek pyramis (plural pyramidēs) “a pyramid,” which is apparently an alteration of Egyptian pimar “pyramid.”
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Nommez cette forme :
cone
un cône
cone = French cone (16c.) or directly from Latin conus “a cone, peak of a helmet,” from Greek konos “cone, spinning top, pine cone,” which is perhaps from a PIE root *ko- “to sharpen” (source also of Sanskrit sanah “whetstone,” Latin catus “sharp,” Old English han “stone”), but Beekes considers it likely a Pre-Greek word.
There is a use from c. 1400 as “angle or corner of a quadrant,” from Latin.
A shape that is symmetrical
Une forme symétrique
can be decomposed into matching halves
can check this by folding a specific way and looking for a match
can create this by folding a paper in half and cutting around (for example, try making a heart by cutting half of one on a folded paper)
peut être décomposé en moitiés correspondantes
peut le vérifier en pliant d’une certaine façon et en cherchant une correspondance
peut le créer en pliant une feuille en deux et en coupant autour (par exemple, essayez de faire un cœur en coupant la moitié d’un cœur sur une feuille pliée).
side(s) or edge(s)
côté(s) ou bord(s) ou arête(s)
the length or width, or piece that could be measured with a ruler
the two-colour pieces of a Rubik’s cube
the edges are the outer frame of something, or the toothpicks that are put together to make a shape
fencing, related to perimeter if getting the sum of all edges
hinge point
la longueur ou la largeur, ou la pièce qui peut être mesurée à l’aide d’une règle
les pièces bicolores d’un Rubik’s cube
les arêtes sont le cadre extérieur de quelque chose, ou les cure-dents qui sont assemblés pour former une forme
clôture, liée au périmètre si l’on obtient la somme de toutes les arêtes
point d’articulation
side = Old English side “flanks of a person, the long part or aspect of anything,” from Proto-Germanic *sīdō, from adjective *sithas “long” (source of Old English sid “long, broad, spacious,”
edge = Old English ecg “corner, edge, point,” also “sword” (also found in ecgplega, literally “edge play,” ecghete, literally “edge hate,” both used poetically for “battle”), from Proto-Germanic *agjo (source also of Old Frisian egg “edge;” Old Saxon eggia “point, edge;”
vertex or vertices
corner or corners
vertex ou vertices
coin ou coins
the pointy bits
the indented bits
the intersection of the three-colour pieces of a Rubik’s cube
where you might put glue to hold wood pieces together
the ends of the edges
les parties pointues
les parties dentelées
l’intersection des pièces tricolores d’un Rubik’s cube
les endroits où l’on peut mettre de la colle pour assembler des pièces de bois
les extrémités des arêtes
vertex = 1560s, in geometry, “the point opposite the base of a figure,” from Latin vertex (plural vertices) “highest point,” literally “the turning point,” originally “whirling column, whirlpool,” from vertere “to turn” (from PIE root *wer- (2) “to turn, bend”).
face or faces
surface or surfaces
face ou faces
surface ou surfaces
may make a two-dimensional object
you can measure the area of this surface regardless if it is two-dimensional object or not, but it is really hard to measure the area when you cannot see the two-dimensional object
the length multiplied by the width refers to the surface or face of a cube or prism; there are other formulae depending on the two-dimensional object
what you can paint
peut constituer un objet bidimensionnel
vous pouvez mesurer l’aire de cette surface indépendamment du fait qu’il s’agisse d’un objet bidimensionnel ou non, mais il est vraiment difficile de mesurer l’aire lorsque vous ne pouvez pas voir l’objet bidimensionnel
la longueur multipliée par la largeur se réfère à la surface ou à la face d’un cube ou d’un prisme ; il existe d’autres formules en fonction de l’objet bidimensionnel.
ce que l’on peut peindre
face = also from late 14c. as “forward part or front of anything;” also “surface (of the earth or sea), extent (of a city).
Latin facies “appearance, form, figure,” and related to facere “to make” (from PIE root *dhe- “to set, put”).
translation
translation
slide
la translation consiste à déplacer l’objet; glissement
translation = from Latin translationem (nominative translatio) “a carrying across, removal, transporting; transfer of meaning,” noun of action from past-participle stem of transferre “bear across, carry over; copy, translate”
trans = across
-ion = noun marker
rotation
rotation
turn
Une rotation consiste à faire tourner un objet en mathématiques
rotation = 1550s, “act of rotating or turning, action of moving round a center,” from Latin rotationem (nominative rotatio) “a turning about in a circle,” noun of action from past-participle stem of rotare “turn round, revolve, whirl about, roll,” from the same source as rota “wheel”
rotare + ion
reflection
réflexion
flip
Une réflexion signifie “retourner” en mathématiques, comme on retourne une crêpe.
reflection = late 14c., refleccioun, reflexioun, reflectioun, of surfaces or bodies, “the action of throwing back light or heat,” from Old French reflexion, refleccion, and directly from Late Latin reflexionem (nominative reflexio) “a reflection,” literally “a bending back,” noun of action from past-participle stem of Latin reflectere “to bend back, bend backwards, turn away,” from re- “back” (see re-) + flectere “to bend” (see flexible).
Do geometric attributes such as edges, faces, or vertices change when a shape is translated, rotated, or reflected?
Les attributs géométriques tels que les arêtes, les faces ou les sommets changent-ils lorsqu’une forme est translatée, tournée ou réfléchie ?
no
Non
size
la taille
the amount of one measurable attribute of an object or a space
generic term to describe how big something is and can be interpreted in many ways such as:
the length of an object (if you add up the outer lengths you have perimeter)
how much flat space an object covers (area)
how much a container holds (capacity)
the heaviness of an object (weight)
la quantité d’un attribut mesurable d’un objet ou d’un espace
terme générique pour décrire la taille d’un objet et qui peut être interprété de différentes manières, par exemple
la longueur d’un objet (si l’on additionne les longueurs extérieures, on obtient le périmètre)
l’espace plat couvert par un objet (surface)
la contenance d’un récipient (capacité)
la lourdeur d’un objet (poids)
size = from Old French sise, shortened form of assise “session, assessment, regulation, manner,” noun use of fem. past participle of asseoir “to cause to sit,” from Latin assidere/adsidere “to sit beside” (and thus to assist in the office of a judge), “sit with in counsel or office,” from ad “to” (see ad-) + sedere “to sit,” from PIE root *sed- (1) “to sit.” The French word is probably a misdivision of l’assise as la sise.
length
la longueur
the distance between two points in space
the amount of fixed space between the end points of an object
does not need to be a straight line
length can be specified such as height, width, depth based on their orientation
length remains the same if an object is repositioned but may be named differently:
in the context of a rectangle, we commonly use width for the shorter edge and length for the longer edge
measured with equal-sized units that themselves have length
la distance entre deux points dans l’espace
la quantité d’espace fixe entre les points extrêmes d’un objet
ne doit pas nécessairement être une ligne droite
la longueur peut être spécifiée comme la hauteur, la largeur, la profondeur en fonction de leur orientation
la longueur reste la même si un objet est repositionné, mais elle peut être nommée différemment :
dans le contexte d’un rectangle, nous utilisons généralement la largeur pour le bord le plus court et la longueur pour le bord le plus long
mesurée à l’aide d’unités de taille égale qui ont elles-mêmes une longueur
length = Old English lengðu “property of being long or extended in one direction; distance along a line,” from Proto-Germanic *langitho, abstract noun from *langaz “long” (root of Old English lang; see long (adj.)) + *-itho, abstract noun suffix
process of measuring length by using many copies of a unit without gaps or overlaps
processus de mesure de la longueur en utilisant de nombreux exemplaires d’une unité sans espace ni chevauchement
tiling
Le carrelage consiste à mettre côte à côte des formes identiques
tile = “thin slab or plate of baked clay used for covering roofs or paving floors of buildings,” early 14c., from Old English tigele “roofing shingle,” from Proto-Germanic *tegala, a borrowing from Latin tegula “roof-tile” (source also of Italian tegola, French tuile), a derivative of tegere “to roof, to cover,” which, according to Watkins, is from PIE root *(s)teg- “to cover.”
process of measuring a length by repeating one copy of a unit without gaps or overlaps
mesure d’une longueur en répétant un exemplaire d’une unité sans espace ni chevauchement
iterating
itération
iterate = 1530s, “to do again, repeat,” back-formation from iteration, or else from Latin iteratus, past participle of iterare “do again, repeat.” Related: Iterated; iterating.
from iterum “again,” from PIE *i-tero-, from pronominal root *i-
