introduction to HIV Flashcards
what family does HIV belong to ?
retroviriade
what is HIV1 originally cause by
what is HIV 2 originally caused by ?
HIV1 - SIC chimpanzees
HIV 2 - SIV SM
what are the clinical stages of HIV infection ?
- an early acute stage
- middle clinical latency stage
- late immunodeficiency stage
what are the features of the the early acute stage ?
fever fatigue myalgia GI symp Lymphadenopathy
what are the features of the middle clinical latency stage ?
early - minimal or no symptoms
late - onset of constitutional symptoms
what are the features of the late immunodeficiency stage ?
severe constitutional symptoms
opportunistic infections
what are the different targets stages in the replication of HIV ?
entry inhibitors fusion inhibitors nukes non nukes protease inhibitors integrase inhibitors
what is the mechanism of entry inhibitors ?
CCR5 blockers
what is the name of the CCR5 blocker ?
maraviroc
what does CD4 on T cells fuse with on HIV cells ?
gp 120
what is the purpose of CCR5 on T cells ?
acts as a co receptor for HIV
what is the importance of check for CRR5 and CXR4 on T cells ?
CCR5 - usually early in the disease
CXR4 - usually later in the disease
what are the nuke drugs ?
zidovudine
lamivudine
tenofovir
what are the non-nuke drugs ?
efavirenez
what are the integrase inhibitors ?
raltegravir
what are the protease inhibitors ?
all end with navir
what are the principles of treatment regarding HIV ?
no cure only suppression of replication
mono therapy not suggested - use instead HAART
Ab prophylaxis in AIDS patients
what are the treatment goals ?
increasing the count of CD4
reducing the viral load
how is the monitoring of anti-HIV therpay done ?
through monitoring of viral load
CD4 cell count
when can PCP prohylaxis be stopped ?
once CD4 count is over 200
how long is HAART meant to be taken for ?
a lifelong treatment
when should resistance testing be performed ?
prior to HAART
at each HAART switch when previous HAART failed
what medication is used for pneumocystis prophylaxis ?
cotrimoxazole
