dynamic of disease transmission and prevention (pt 2)

Question 1

what is eradication ?

Answer 1

permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts

Question 2

what is elimination ?

Answer 2

reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area

Question 3

what are examples of disease that have been eliminated ?

Answer 3

measles and poliomyelitis

Question 4

what are the levels of disease prevention ?

Answer 4

primary
secondary
tertiary

Question 5

what does primary disease prevention refer to ?

Answer 5

control aims to reduce the incidence of infectious disease or their risk factors
prevention of the disease aslan

Question 6

what does secondary prevention of disease refer to ?

Answer 6

control aims to reduce the prevalence by shortening the duration of infection

early detection of the disease

Question 7

what does tertiary prevention of disease refer to ?

Answer 7

control aims to reduce or even eliminate long-term impairments of infectious diseases
prevention of deterioration

Question 8

what is an example of tertiary prevention ?

Answer 8

prevention of opportunistic infections in HIV infection

Question 9

what are the control measures for cases ?

Answer 9

case finding 
notification of LHA 
Isolation 
disinfection 
treatment 
release

Question 10

what are control measures of contacts ?

Answer 10

enlistment 
examination 
stop exposure 
surveillance/segregation/isolation
specific protection

Question 11

how can agents in a chain of infection be described ?

Answer 11

infectivity
infectiousness
pathogenicity
virulence

Question 12

what are the two main types of immunity ?

Answer 12

naturally acquired

artificially acquired

Question 13

what is passive naturally acquired immunity ?

Answer 13

through the placenta

Question 14

what is naturally acquired active immunity ?

Answer 14

subclinical

Question 15

how is artificially acquired passive immunity achieved ?

Answer 15

through sero-prophylaxis

Question 16

how is artificially acquired active immunity achieved ?

Answer 16

through vaccination

Question 17

what are the types of active immunisation ?

Answer 17

inactivated toxins 
inactivated complex 
purified antigens 
recombinant antigens 
live ,attenuated vaccines

Question 18

what are the types of passive immunity ?

Answer 18

1. naturally acquired passive immunity

2. artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 19

what are examples of inactivated toxins ?

Answer 19

diptheria and tetanus

Question 20

what are examples of inactivated complex antigens ?

Answer 20

whole cell pertussis
inactivated polio
influenza vaccine

Question 21

what are examples of purified antigen immunisation ?

Answer 21

acellular pertussis

Question 22

what are examples of recombinant antigens ?

Answer 22

hepatitis B recomb vaccine

Question 23

what are examples of live, attenuated vaccines ?

Answer 23

measles vaccine

Question 24

which of the active immunisation is contraindicated in pregnancy ?

Answer 24

live attenuated vaccines

Question 25

what are the reasons behind the success of eradication of small pox ?

Answer 25

one strain 
only cases no carriers 
only human no animal reservoir 
the only live vaccine 
long incubation period