intro to environmental health

Question 1

what are the environmental factors for human disease ?

Answer 1

physical agents
chemical agents
biological agents

Question 2

what are the health effects of mercury ?

Answer 2

minamata disease ( ataxia, visual impairment and hearing loss )
inorganic mercury causes personality changed

Question 3

what are the health effects of cadmium ?

Answer 3

1. focal emphysema
2. fanconis syndrome
3. itai itai disease

Question 4

what does the phrase persistent organic pollution indicate ?

Answer 4

chemical pollutants have a long half life and can presist in the environment for years after their release

Question 5

what is itai ttai disease characterized by ?

Answer 5

1. severe renal tubular dysfunction

2. severe osteomalacia

Question 6

what does the miasma theory claim ?

Answer 6

that dirty living environments, unclean drinking water and poor ventilation due to overcrowding might cause various diseases

Question 7

what disease may be triggered by environmental factors ?

Answer 7

phenylketonuria and G6PD

Question 8

what environmental factor has been associated with fluorosis ?

Answer 8

high concentration of fluoride

Question 9

what environmental factor has been associated with blackfoot disease ?

Answer 9

arsenic

Question 10

how can endemic goitre caused by iodine deficiency be prevented ?

Answer 10

by salt iodination

Question 11

what is the top cause of death from the environment ?

Answer 11

strokes

Question 12

who is most impacted by the environment ?

Answer 12

children under five and adults between 50 and 75

Question 13

which countries hold the highest burden and greatest share of environmental diseases ?

Answer 13

low and middle income countries

Question 14

how is the overall burden of a disease measured ?

Answer 14

DALYS

disability adjusted life years