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FCPH > epidemiological studies , descriptive studies and cross sectional > Flashcards

epidemiological studies , descriptive studies and cross sectional Flashcards

1
Q

what are the type of epidemioloogical studies ?

A

descriptive and analytical

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2
Q

what are the types of descriptive epidemiological studies ?

A

case report
case series
ecological studies

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3
Q

what are the types of analytical epidemiological studies ?

A

either interventional or observational

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4
Q

what are the types of observational studies ?

A

cohort
cross sectional
case control

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5
Q

what are the types of interventional studies ?

A

clinical trials

community trials

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6
Q

what is a case report ?

A

describes one case only

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7
Q

what is a case series ?

A

describes multiple cases that are closely related to each other

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8
Q

what are the limitations associated with case report and case series ?

A
  1. external validity / generalizability is limited

2. unmeasured confounding

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9
Q

what is the other name for ecological studies ?

A

correlational study

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10
Q

what type of study can be used to measure association between exposure and outcome in groups ?

A

ecological studies

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11
Q

what is ecological fallacy ?

A

when you make a conclusion about individuals based on analyses of group data

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12
Q

what are the features of a cross-sectional study ?

A

measures exposure and disease outcome at one point in time

snapshot - study only exists at one point in time

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13
Q

what are the features of a cohort study ?

A

identifies groups by exposure first
and looks forward to disease outcome
prospective

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14
Q

what are the features of a case-control study ?

A

identify groups by cases or diseased individuals and looks backwards to exposure
retrospective

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15
Q

what type of study is associated with the involvement or intervention of the investigators ?

A

interventional studies

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16
Q

what is another term for cross-sectional studies ?

A

prevalence studies

17
Q

what type of diseases are better to be presented in a cross sectional study ?

A

chronic diseases

18
Q

which diseases is it inappropriate to use a cross-sectional study ?

A

rare diseases or diseases with a short duration

19
Q

what is the main aim of descriptive studies ?

A

formation of a hypothesis

20
Q

what type of study must be carried out to test a hypothesis ?

A

analytical study

21
Q

why is a cross-sectional study not useful for the development of evidence for casual association ?

A

temporal relationship between exposure and outcome cannot be confirmed

FCPH (39 decks)

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