accidents and injuries Flashcards
what is the leading cause of death for those in the age range of 15-29 ?
road traffic injuries
what is the most common cause of death among the elderly ?
falls , more common in elderly women too
which of the two sexes is killed more by injuries and violence ?
females
how does injury occur ?
when energy transmitted beyond a hosts tolerance causes an injury and therefore not all exposures to energy result in a noticeable injury
how can resistance to energy be increased ?
through exercise or protective devices
how can resistance to energy be reduced ?
1.through changes in intrinsic factors such as existing medical conditions or age
2 .or through extrinsic conditions such as fatigue and alcohol
what are the two broad classifications of injuries ?
intentional injuries
unintentional injuries
what type of injury would drunk driving accidents be considered ?
unintentional injury
why may there be an increase in family or domestic violence ?
due to better reporting
what are the different levels for risk factors of injuries ?
individual level
interpersonal level
community/organization
society
what do individual level variables include ?
age, gender, socioeconomic status, health status and personality characteristics
what does individual level intervention often focus on ?
focuses on increasing knowledge and encouraging behaviour change
what does relationship level intervention often focus on ?
influential communication or changes in the home environment
what are the community factors ?
schools, workplaces, neighborhoods
what is the correlation between motorization and road traffic deaths in HIC ?
high motorization rates are not strongly correlated with road traffic deaths
what do prevention strategies at a community level include ?
they are designed to impact the environment, processes and policies in a given local community
what do prevention strategies on a social level include ?
these often focus on policy implementation and enforcement as well as efforts to change social norms
what are the different levels of prevention ?
primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
what is the aim of primary injury prevention ?
prevent the transfer of injury to the host
what are examples of primary injury prevention ?
- roadway designs that reduce motor vehicle collisions
- child resistant caps on medication bottles
- pool fences to prevent submersion and drowning
what is the aim of secondary injury prevention ?
includes strategies that reduce the amount of energy that is transferred to the host
what are examples of secondary injury prevention ?
seat belts and air bags and helmets
they do not prevent the crash but reduce energy
what is the aim of tertiary prevention strategies ?
act in the post-injury phase to help with recovery and rehabilitation once an injury has occurred
what is an example of tertiary prevention strategies ?
development of trauma systems, which help with triage and transport of an injured individual
what is the Haddon matrix ?
the Haddon matrix is a tool that combines the epidemiology triangle and levels of prevention
