accidents and injuries

Question 1

what is the leading cause of death for those in the age range of 15-29 ?

Answer 1

road traffic injuries

Question 2

what is the most common cause of death among the elderly ?

Answer 2

falls , more common in elderly women too

Question 3

which of the two sexes is killed more by injuries and violence ?

Answer 3

females

Question 4

how does injury occur ?

Answer 4

when energy transmitted beyond a hosts tolerance causes an injury and therefore not all exposures to energy result in a noticeable injury

Question 5

how can resistance to energy be increased ?

Answer 5

through exercise or protective devices

Question 6

how can resistance to energy be reduced ?

Answer 6

1.through changes in intrinsic factors such as existing medical conditions or age
2 .or through extrinsic conditions such as fatigue and alcohol

Question 7

what are the two broad classifications of injuries ?

Answer 7

intentional injuries

unintentional injuries

Question 8

what type of injury would drunk driving accidents be considered ?

Answer 8

unintentional injury

Question 9

why may there be an increase in family or domestic violence ?

Answer 9

due to better reporting

Question 10

what are the different levels for risk factors of injuries ?

Answer 10

individual level
interpersonal level
community/organization
society

Question 11

what do individual level variables include ?

Answer 11

age, gender, socioeconomic status, health status and personality characteristics

Question 12

what does individual level intervention often focus on ?

Answer 12

focuses on increasing knowledge and encouraging behaviour change

Question 13

what does relationship level intervention often focus on ?

Answer 13

influential communication or changes in the home environment

Question 14

what are the community factors ?

Answer 14

schools, workplaces, neighborhoods

Question 15

what is the correlation between motorization and road traffic deaths in HIC ?

Answer 15

high motorization rates are not strongly correlated with road traffic deaths

Question 16

what do prevention strategies at a community level include ?

Answer 16

they are designed to impact the environment, processes and policies in a given local community

Question 17

what do prevention strategies on a social level include ?

Answer 17

these often focus on policy implementation and enforcement as well as efforts to change social norms

Question 18

what are the different levels of prevention ?

Answer 18

primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention

Question 19

what is the aim of primary injury prevention ?

Answer 19

prevent the transfer of injury to the host

Question 20

what are examples of primary injury prevention ?

Answer 20

1. roadway designs that reduce motor vehicle collisions
2. child resistant caps on medication bottles
3. pool fences to prevent submersion and drowning

Question 21

what is the aim of secondary injury prevention ?

Answer 21

includes strategies that reduce the amount of energy that is transferred to the host

Question 22

what are examples of secondary injury prevention ?

Answer 22

seat belts and air bags and helmets

they do not prevent the crash but reduce energy

Question 23

what is the aim of tertiary prevention strategies ?

Answer 23

act in the post-injury phase to help with recovery and rehabilitation once an injury has occurred

Question 24

what is an example of tertiary prevention strategies ?

Answer 24

development of trauma systems, which help with triage and transport of an injured individual

Question 25

what is the Haddon matrix ?

Answer 25

the Haddon matrix is a tool that combines the epidemiology triangle and levels of prevention