Intro to Horses

Question 1

prehistoric eohippus “dawn horse”

Answer 1

earliest known ancestor of modern horse
15” tall, no hooves
browser

Question 2

domestication of horse

Answer 2

domesticated in near east
food, work animal

Question 3

US history of horse

Answer 3

early 1500s, horses brought to US by Spanish conquistadors

Question 4

horse uses

Answer 4

travel, field work, war, mail delivery (pony express)

Question 5

why did horse populations drop between 1915 and 1959

Answer 5

invention of motor vehicles

Question 6

young female

Answer 6

filly

Question 7

young male

Answer 7

colt

Question 8

mature female

Answer 8

mare

Question 9

mature intact male

Answer 9

stallion

Question 10

mature castrate male

Answer 10

gelding

Question 11

young horse of unknown gender

Answer 11

foal

Question 12

how is height measured?

Answer 12

by hands, 1 hand=4 inches
measure at withers

Question 13

basic equine categories

Answer 13

draft horses
light horses
ponies
miniatures
asses

Question 14

draft horses

Answer 14

work, pulling things
large muscular

Question 15

light horses

Answer 15

riding, sport
smaller, less muscular

Question 16

ponies

Answer 16

less than 14.2 hands (58 inches)

Question 17

miniature horses

Answer 17

small horses, max height 32”

Question 18

asses/donkey

Answer 18

close relative of horse
male=jack
feamle=jennet, jenny

Question 19

mule/hinny

Answer 19

cross of donkey and horse
reproductively sterile, but visual sex characteristics appear normal

Question 20

zebra crosses

Answer 20

zorse
zedonk

Question 21

horse behavior

Answer 21

flight response (prey species)
herd animal
dominant hierarchy

Question 22

horse vision

Answer 22

monocular and binocular vision
blind spot from behind

Question 23

horse hearing

Answer 23

good sense of hearing
ear position indicator of behavior

Question 24

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 24

hindgut fermenter: microbial fermentation (cecum) at back of digestive system

Question 25

eating patterns

Answer 25

herbivores, grazers
will spend up to 80% of time eating
eats about 2% of body weight every day

Question 26

common horse feeds

Answer 26

pasture/hay majority of diet
grains for extra food

Question 27

reproduction

Answer 27

seasonally polyestrous
11 month gestation

Question 28

hoof care

Answer 28

hoof wall grows 1/4 inch per month
trim feet every 8 weeks
shoes as needed for protection/for show

Question 29

viral diseases

Answer 29

influenza
EHV (equine herpes virus)
rabies
mosquito spread diseases (west nile virus)

Question 30

bacterial diseases

Answer 30

strangles (respiratory infection)
tetanus
lyme disease

Question 31

fungal diseases

Answer 31

ringworm

Question 32

parasites

Answer 32

internal and external

Question 33

horse breeds

Answer 33

quarter horse: most common
thoroughbred: kentucky derby

Question 34

color breeds

Answer 34

appaloosa: spots
pinto/paint: patches