Intro to Disease

Question 1

infectious diseases

Answer 1

caused by an insult to an animal by a microorganism that is not normally a part of the animal’s life

Question 2

non infectious diseases

Answer 2

inherited errors, metabolic disorders or nutritional deficiency

Question 3

6 infectious diseases

Answer 3

bacteria
viruses
protozoa
fungi
parasites
prions

Question 4

6 non infectious diseases

Answer 4

toxicities
nutritional deficiencies or excesses
metabolic disorders
inherited disorders
maladaptation
cancers

Question 5

bacteria

Answer 5

single celled organisms with simple cell structure
most numerous of all cellular organisms
location: everywhere
reproduction: asexual, split in half

Question 6

helpful bacteria

Answer 6

breaks down dead plants and animals into molecular sized units, important in digestive systems
used in sewage treatment (and aquaria, biological filtration)
can convert nitrogen from air into organic nitrogen

Question 7

harmful bacteria

Answer 7

causes disease (tuberculosis, salmonellosis
causes food to spoil

Question 8

natural defenses

Answer 8

skin and scales
fish have mucin coat (igG) over body

Question 9

what is bacterial infection of fish, amphibia, and reptiles most frequently associated with?

Answer 9

stagnant or polluted water

Question 10

bacterial infections can be treated with

Answer 10

antibiotics

Question 11

virus

Answer 11

smaller than bacteria
not a living organism, not cellular
no nutrition (like bacteria digests thing)
no reproduction
hijack host cells, makes those cells reproduce the virus

Question 12

bacteriophages

Answer 12

viruses that infected bacteria

Question 13

virus treatment

Answer 13

not susceptible to antibiotics
difficult to destroy virus without destroying host cell
treatment generally for patient well being

Question 14

new antivirals

Answer 14

drugs now available to stop viruses, interfere with replication mechanisms

Question 15

how do antibiotics work with viral infections?

Answer 15

fight secondary infections
produce antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 16

should antibiotics be given when a patient has a viral infection?

Answer 16

it depends

Question 17

protozoa

Answer 17

more complex than bacteria
reproduction: by budding, splitting, or spores
diseases in humans: toxoplasmosis, giardiasis
can be treated
few good, some in ruminants

Question 18

fungi

Answer 18

group of organisms with no green coloring matter. includes smuts, rusts, molds, mildews and yeast. multicellular
candidiasis (thrush), ringworm

Question 19

parasites

Answer 19

limited to animals that parasitize others

Question 20

prions

Answer 20

protein particle that causes disease, not a living organism
diseases: chronic wasting disease, involves degradation of brain tissue

Question 21

antibodies

Answer 21

proteins produced by body in response to antigens (immunoglobulins), produced by B cells
attach to antigens and assist in their removal or destruction

Question 22

antigen

Answer 22

something which is foreign to the body
antibodies formed against specific antigens

Question 23

immune response

Answer 23

body recognizes antigen
B-cells respond and begin producing antibodies
other non-specific cells are also involved
B-cells specific to that antigen continue to be produced

Question 24

attributes of immune system

Answer 24

ability to recognize self and non-self, don’t want immune response to everything
diversity, respond to many different things
specificity, limit extreme response
memory, prevent reinfection

Question 25

vaccine

Answer 25

antigen, given to stimulate resistance

Question 26

titer

Answer 26

measure of amount of antibodies in serum