Exam 3 Flashcards
chromosomes
long chains of DNA located in nucleus of cell
individual bits of information=genes
number per cell varies by species
exist in pairs in somatic (body) cells
genes
control one specific trait or part of a trait
may be in different form on the pair of chromosomes
order and characteristics
Carnivora
4 canine teeth (2 top, 2 bottom)
short digestive tract relative to body size
cat anatomy
canines, incisors and molars (sharp)
digitigrade
more vertebrae than other mammals
lack of collarbone
strong jaw
spaying/neutering benefit on behaviors
cuts down numbers of feral cats that kill birds, small animals
stops spraying, tom-catting (looking for mates), crying while in heat
feliway
nepetalactone, same ingredient in catnip
qualitative traits are also known as
mendelian
single gene
qualitative trait
specific trait
1 gene affects 1 trait
discreet variables
quantitative trait
numerical (height)
many genes control the trait
continuous variables
eliminative
spraying to mark territory
usually bury feces
redirected aggression
sudden attack/aggression out of nowhere
stress release
can be toward another cat or humans
petting induced aggression
cat may be over stimulated
top 4 reported behavior problems
house soiling
pet to pet problems
aggression to humans
destructive behavior
common reasons for cat behavioral problems
stress/frustration/boredom
improper socialization
genetic problem
medical problem
general treatment options
client education
environmental modification
behavioral modification
drug therapy
disease prevention methods
biosecurity, nutrition, tooth hygiene, sanitation, vaccinations, parasite control
parasite control
feed cooked food, avoid consumption of bird/rabbits/rodents
treatments/preventatives
risks of being outdoors
infectious diseases and parasites
predators
poisonous substances
cars
damage from cats (bird predation)
viral diseases
feline infectious peritonities (FIP)
feline leukemia virus (FELV)
feline panleukopenia (FPL)
feline herpesvirus and calicivirus
rabies
FPL
raccoons tend to carry
acute disease
bacterial diseases
feline pneumonitis
cat scratch fever
other medical problems (noninfectious)
feline urinary syndrome/urolithiasis: crystals in urinary tract
diabetes
allergies
hairballs
posions
ME
metabolizable energy
GE-energy in feces, urine, gas
GE
gross energy
can’t all be used by animal
DE
digestible energy
GE-energy in feces
do cats have a carb requirement
no
don’t have salivary amylase to break down starches
protein
high requirement
25-30% suggested
won’t adjust to low protein diet, will break down muscle to meet amino acid requirement
taurine
most animals produce it on their own, cat’s don’t
need it in diet, not in dog food (why cats shouldn’t eat dog food)
only present in animal products
vitamin a
other animals can convert beta-carotene to vitamin a, cats can’t
niacin
most animals can covert amino acid tryptophan, cats can’t
thiamin
not usually deficient, if feeding diet high in raw fish will bind it, cause deficiency
behavioral changes with estrus
constant calling
rolling
rubbing against objects
spraying
licking genital area
crouching/lordosis
breeding considerations
best choice is selective breeding, should be good representatives of breed and free of hereditary defects
queen may still be in estrus when she gets home, could mate with other tom
signs of pregnancy (early to mid gestation)
cycles stop
“pinking-up”, nipples swell and redden in about 3 weeks
weight gain up to 2 lb over whole gestation not unusual
swollen abdomen
signs cat is ready to give birth
nesting
milk leaking
pacing
panting
excessive grooming
temperature drop
contractions
kitten development
atricial
eyes open after 10 days
double weight in first 2 weeks
ears open week 3, teeth may start to come in
start to move around weeks 3-4, start weaning shortly after
start socializing weeks 5-6
deworm at 6 weeks
first vaccinations at 7 weeks
are sex-linked recessive traits seen more in males or females
males
can an allele be dominant in some situations and recessive in others?
yes
how many chromosomes if haploid number is 12
24
