Intro to Genetics

Question 1

DNA made up of

Answer 1

nucleotides

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

long chains of DNA located in nucleus of cell
individual bits of information=genes
number per cell varies by species
exist in pairs in somatic (body) cells

Question 3

diploid

Answer 3

cell with two chromosome sets

Question 4

haploid

Answer 4

cell with one chromosome set

Question 5

sex chromosomes

Answer 5

2 out of total chromosomes

Question 6

female sex chromosomes

Answer 6

X X

Question 7

male sex chromosomes

Answer 7

X Y

Question 8

Y chromosome

Answer 8

small, contains very little information/genes

Question 9

genes

Answer 9

control one specific trait or part of a trait
may be in different form on the pair of chromosomes

Question 10

alleles

Answer 10

different forms of the same gene

Question 11

homozygous

Answer 11

both alleles are the same

Question 12

heterozygous

Answer 12

alleles are different

Question 13

gametes

Answer 13

sperm and eggs
haploid cells
contain 1 copy of each chromosome (23 for humans)
random 50/50 chance of which chromosome it contains

Question 14

sperm cells

Answer 14

can have 1 X or 1 Y

Question 15

egg cells

Answer 15

can have 1 X