General Exam 1 Content

Question 1

heterothermic

Answer 1

body temp changes based on surroundings

Question 2

homeothermic

Answer 2

body temp stays the same

Question 3

oviparous

Answer 3

lays eggs

Question 4

viviparous

Answer 4

live birth, has a placenta

Question 5

ovoviviparous

Answer 5

holds eggs internally while they hatch, then gives birth

Question 6

6 basic nutrients

Answer 6

protein
fats
carbohydrates
vitamins
minerals
water

Question 7

what are proteins made up of?

Answer 7

amino acids, 10-12 essential

Question 8

function of fats

Answer 8

deliver fat-soluble vitamins

Question 9

do fats or carbohydrates produce more energy?

Answer 9

fats

Question 10

what is energy supplied by

Answer 10

fats, carbohydrates and proteins

Question 11

digestive tract

Answer 11

mouth (salivary enzymes)
esophagus
stomach (acid, enzymes, storage)
small intestine (absorption)
pancreas
liver
gall bladder (bile production to break down fats)
large intestine (storage)
rectum (feces storage

Question 12

*characteristics of amphibians

Answer 12

skin without scales
heterothermic
three chambered heart
fresh water and terrestrial

Question 13

reproduction of amphibians

Answer 13

oviparous: lay eggs

Question 14

*characteristics of reptiles

Answer 14

don’t go through metamorphosis
heterothermic
almost all have three-chambered heart
body covered with scales
air-breathing
terrestrial (secondarily aquatic)

Question 15

reproduction of reptiles

Answer 15

mostly oviparous
some (snakes) give birth to live young (ovoviviparous)
eggs are able to incubate outside of water due to shell
internal fertilization

Question 16

*6 infectious diseases

Answer 16

bacteria
viruses
protozoa
fungi
parasites
prions

Question 17

*6 non infectious diseases

Answer 17

toxicities
nutritional deficiencies or excesses
metabolic disorders
inherited disorders
maladaptation
cancers

Question 18

*bacteria

Answer 18

single celled organisms with simple cell structure
most numerous of all cellular organisms
location: everywhere
reproduction: asexual, split in half

Question 19

bacterial infections can be treated with

Answer 19

antibiotics

Question 20

*virus

Answer 20

smaller than bacteria
not a living organism, not cellular
no nutrition (like bacteria digests thing)
no reproduction
hijack host cells, makes those cells reproduce the virus

Question 21

virus treatment

Answer 21

not susceptible to antibiotics
difficult to destroy virus without destroying host cell
treatment generally for patient well being

Question 22

*protozoa

Answer 22

more complex than bacteria
reproduction: by budding, splitting, or spores
diseases in humans: toxoplasmosis, giardiasis
can be treated
few good, some in ruminants

Question 23

*fungi

Answer 23

group of organisms with no green coloring matter. includes smuts, rusts, molds, mildews and yeast. multicellular
candidiasis (thrush), ringworm

Question 24

*prions

Answer 24

protein particle that causes disease, not a living organism
diseases: chronic wasting disease, involves degradation of brain tissue

Question 25

*antibodies

Answer 25

proteins produced by body in response to antigens (immunoglobulins), produced by B cells
attach to antigens and assist in their removal or destruction

Question 26

antigen

Answer 26

something which is foreign to the body
antibodies formed against specific antigens

Question 27

*immune response

Answer 27

body recognizes antigen
B-cells respond and begin producing antibodies
other non-specific cells are also involved
B-cells specific to that antigen continue to be produced