Avian Reproduction

Question 1

2 birds who are territorial

Answer 1

robin, pheasant

Question 2

parakeet social tendencies

Answer 2

gregarious nesting, colonial/co-operative

Question 3

birds that produce simple nests

Answer 3

parakeet, doves

Question 4

birds that build complex nests

Answer 4

baltimore oriole

Question 5

photoperiod

Answer 5

hours of daylight
tend to lay eggs in the spring when days are getting longer

Question 6

example of courtship

Answer 6

cranes do a mating dance

Question 7

is artificial insemination common in birds?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

bird ovaries

Answer 8

single ovary, left side

Question 9

ovulation

Answer 9

when ovum/yolk is released from ovary

Question 10

5 components of the oviduct and their purpose

Answer 10

infundibulum (funnel): fertilization
magnum: adds albumin (egg whites)
isthmus: adds shell membranes
uterus/shell gland: adds shell

Question 11

how often does ovulation occur?

Answer 11

every 24-26 hours

Question 12

U-V junction/sperm host glands

Answer 12

holds sperm for a couple of week after mating

Question 13

oviposition and where it occurs

Answer 13

laying the egg, from the cloaca

Question 14

why are mammalian testes external?

Answer 14

the internal body temp is too high, will cause sterilization

Question 15

where are birds testes?

Answer 15

paired, internal at deep body temperature

Question 16

where is the vas deferens?

Answer 16

beside the ureter

Question 17

phallus

Answer 17

penis, reduced in birds

Question 18

2 differences between mammalian and avian male reproductive system

Answer 18

internal testes
lack of glands (prostate, seminal vesicles)

Question 19

incubator conditions acronym

Answer 19

THAT
temperature
humidity
air
turning

Question 20

temperature for artificial incubation

Answer 20

about 100 F, must be fairly constant

Question 21

humidity for artificial incubation

Answer 21

must be controlled

Question 22

gas exchange/ventilation for artificial incubation

Answer 22

need adequate oxygen and to remove co2
occurs through egg’s pores, membrane’s blood vessels

Question 23

turning for artificial incubation

Answer 23

eggs need to be turned several times a day

Question 24

candling eggs

Answer 24

shine light through egg to see embryo, ebryonic membranes

Question 25

when is the eye formed?

Answer 25

24 hours

Question 26

when does the heart begin to beat?

Answer 26

42 hours

Question 27

when is the beak formed?

Answer 27

day 6

Question 28

when do they begin to feather?

Answer 28

day 8

Question 29

when do scales and toenails appear?

Answer 29

day 13

Question 30

when and why/how does the yolk sac enter the body

Answer 30

day 19
sucked in through navel, then navel closes over it
can live off yolk for a few days after hatching

Question 31

how long is embryonic development

Answer 31

21 days

Question 32

egg tooth

Answer 32

falls off 1-2 days after hatching

Question 33

chick imprintation

Answer 33

won’t mate/interact with other birds if they’ve imprinted on human caregivers
now people wear crane puppets so that the chicks will imprint on cranes