General Exam 2 Content

Question 1

precocial

Answer 1

hatch with eyes and ears open
walk within a few hours
eat on their own

Question 2

altricial

Answer 2

opposite of precocial

Question 3

outer covering of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds

Answer 3

fish: scales
amphibians: skin
reptiles: scales
birds: skin, scales and feathers

Question 4

temperature control of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds

Answer 4

fish: heterothermic
amphibians: heterothermic
reptiles: heterothermic
birds: homeothermic

Question 5

heart complexity of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds

Answer 5

fish: 2-chambered
amphibians: 3-chambered
reptiles: 3 or 4-chambered
birds: 4-chambered

Question 6

birth process of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds

Answer 6

fish: oviparous/ovoviviparous
amphibians: oviparous
reptiles: oviparous/ovoviviparous
birds: oviparous

Question 7

breathing of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds

Answer 7

fish: gills
amphibians: gills then lungs
reptiles: lungs
birds: lungs and air sacs

Question 8

monocular vision

Answer 8

eyes on side of head
wider field of view to see predators

Question 9

binocular vision

Answer 9

eyes on front of head
good depth perception for catching prey

Question 10

general characteristics of mammals

Answer 10

mother produces milk for young, mammary gland
in general, brain, parental care is greatly advanced
skin glands: sweat, sebaceous, mammary
quadruped: 4 limbs
presence of hair

Question 11

polyestrous

Answer 11

multiple/continuous cycles

Question 12

*proestrus

Answer 12

FSH levels increase
follicles stimulated, start producing estrogen

Question 13

FSH

Answer 13

follicle stimulation hormone
produced in anterior pituitary gland

Question 14

*estrus/heat

Answer 14

only time male and female will mate
high levels of FSH, estrogen
low levels of progesterone
LH surge

Question 15

LH

Answer 15

luteinizing hormone
produced in anterior pituitary gland
causes follicles to rupture and release egg cell (ovulation)

Question 16

*metestrus

Answer 16

ovulation, follicle opens and releases ovum

Question 17

*diestrus

Answer 17

period before next proestrus
corpus luteum forms in ruptured follicle, secretes progesterone
if no pregnancy, prostaglandin causes CL regression

Question 18

progesterone

Answer 18

secreted by corpus luteum
signals to uterus to prepare for pregnancy
maintains pregnancy

Question 19

*estrogen

Answer 19

produced by cells in follicle
necessary for development of secondary sex characteristics in female
stimulates estrus

Question 20

prostaglandin

Answer 20

destroys corpus luteum
stimulations production of relaxin

Question 21

*oxytocin

Answer 21

produced by posterior pituitary
causes uterine contractions
stimulates partruition, maternal behavior

Question 22

relaxin

Answer 22

relaxes cervix, pelvic bones

Question 23

prolaction

Answer 23

stimulates milk release, secretion after parturition
stimulates maternal behavior

Question 24

main structures of male reproductive system

Answer 24

testes: manufacturing/production of sperm
epididymis: sperm storage
accessory sex glands: add fluid/nutrients to sperm
penis: delivery

Question 25

male reproduction hormones

Answer 25

testosterone: stimulates testes to produce spem