General Exam 2 Content Flashcards
precocial
hatch with eyes and ears open
walk within a few hours
eat on their own
altricial
opposite of precocial
outer covering of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds
fish: scales
amphibians: skin
reptiles: scales
birds: skin, scales and feathers
temperature control of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds
fish: heterothermic
amphibians: heterothermic
reptiles: heterothermic
birds: homeothermic
heart complexity of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds
fish: 2-chambered
amphibians: 3-chambered
reptiles: 3 or 4-chambered
birds: 4-chambered
birth process of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds
fish: oviparous/ovoviviparous
amphibians: oviparous
reptiles: oviparous/ovoviviparous
birds: oviparous
breathing of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds
fish: gills
amphibians: gills then lungs
reptiles: lungs
birds: lungs and air sacs
monocular vision
eyes on side of head
wider field of view to see predators
binocular vision
eyes on front of head
good depth perception for catching prey
general characteristics of mammals
mother produces milk for young, mammary gland
in general, brain, parental care is greatly advanced
skin glands: sweat, sebaceous, mammary
quadruped: 4 limbs
presence of hair
polyestrous
multiple/continuous cycles
*proestrus
FSH levels increase
follicles stimulated, start producing estrogen
FSH
follicle stimulation hormone
produced in anterior pituitary gland
*estrus/heat
only time male and female will mate
high levels of FSH, estrogen
low levels of progesterone
LH surge
LH
luteinizing hormone
produced in anterior pituitary gland
causes follicles to rupture and release egg cell (ovulation)
*metestrus
ovulation, follicle opens and releases ovum
*diestrus
period before next proestrus
corpus luteum forms in ruptured follicle, secretes progesterone
if no pregnancy, prostaglandin causes CL regression
progesterone
secreted by corpus luteum
signals to uterus to prepare for pregnancy
maintains pregnancy
*estrogen
produced by cells in follicle
necessary for development of secondary sex characteristics in female
stimulates estrus
prostaglandin
destroys corpus luteum
stimulations production of relaxin
*oxytocin
produced by posterior pituitary
causes uterine contractions
stimulates partruition, maternal behavior
relaxin
relaxes cervix, pelvic bones
prolaction
stimulates milk release, secretion after parturition
stimulates maternal behavior
main structures of male reproductive system
testes: manufacturing/production of sperm
epididymis: sperm storage
accessory sex glands: add fluid/nutrients to sperm
penis: delivery
male reproduction hormones
testosterone: stimulates testes to produce spem
