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General Pathology > Inflammation 2 > Flashcards

Inflammation 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells of inflammation

A

Granulocytes
-Neutrophils
-Eosinophils
-Basophils
Mononuclear cells
-Monocytes/Macrophages
-Lymphocytes/plasma cells
-Mast cells

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2
Q

Neutrophils morphology

A

-Segmented multilobed nucleus
-Cytoplasmic granules
Primary granules
Secondary
Neutral non staining granules

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3
Q

Important primary granules neutrophils

A

Myeloperoxidase and lysozyme

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4
Q

Important secondary granules neutrophils

A

Collagenase

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5
Q

Neutrophil characteristics

A

-Highly differentiated and no longer divide
-Mainly anaerobic and have abundant glycogen
-Function in low oxygen
-Metabolize large amounts of oxygen in response to activation

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6
Q

Neutrophils action

A

Produced in bone marrow and remain for a day in storage pool. Enter the blood and circulate for 5-12 hrs. Once they emigrate they live for 1-4 days in tissues. Apoptosis following withdrawal of growth factors and other stimuli

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7
Q

Neutrophil inflammatory function

A

-Phagocytosis and killing
Oxygen independent and dependent
NO also present
-Secrete inflammatory products (cytokines, arachidonic products, NETs, defensins)

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8
Q

NETs

A

Web like matrix of DNA/ proteins and neutrophil granule products that trap and kill pathogen
-May be involved in autoimmunity and thrombosis

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9
Q

Eosinophils morphology

A

-Segmented bilobed nucleus
-Four type of cytoplasmic granules

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10
Q

Important eosinophil granules

A

Major basic protein and histaminase

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11
Q

Eosinophil characteristics

A

Not as well understood
-Allergic reactions or parasitic infections
-Associated with mast cells

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12
Q

Eosinophil kinetics

A

30min half-life in blood with a 12-day half-life in tissue

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13
Q

Inflammatory function of eosinophils

A

-Secrete lysosomal enzymes (damage microbe membranes and degrade certain pro-inflammatory products like histamine)
-Secrete mediators (cytokines, chemokines, arachidonic acid metabolites)

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14
Q

Basophil morphology

A

-Multilobed nucleus
-Cytoplasmic granules that obscure the nucleus morphology

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15
Q

Basophil granules

A

-Histamine
-Proteoglycans
-Proteases

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16
Q

Basophil characteristics

A

Associated with IgE dependent allergic reactions or parasitic infections
-Poorly phagocytic and sluggishly motile

17
Q

Basophil kinets

A

Probably similar to neutrophils

18
Q

Basophil inflammatory functions

A

-Secrete lysosomal enzymes
-Secrete other mediators

19
Q

Mast cell morphology

A

Smaller
-Oval to round nucleus
-Metachromatic cytoplasmic granules

20
Q

Mast cell types

A

-Connective tissues
-Mucosal

21
Q

Characteristics of mast cells

A

Prominent at allergic reactions or parasitic infections

22
Q

Kinetics of mast cells

A

4–12-week lifespan

23
Q

Major inflammatory functions of mast cells

A

-Bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and ECM degradation
-Secrete mediators

24
Q

Monocyte vs macrophage

A

Monocyte in the blood macrophage in the tissue

25
Q

Characteristics of monocytes

A

Source of macrophages and dendritic cells

26
Q

Kinetics of monocytes

A

Circulate in blood for 1-3 days and slower to emigrate than neutrophils

27
Q

Fixed macrophages

A

-Derived from monocytes
-Emigrate in response to cytokines can replicate locally witing the tissues to maintain the fixed population
-Exist in areas where microbial invasion is most likely
-Can be innate or acquired immunity

28
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Process and present antigen to T lymphocytes (MHC II class molecules)

29
Q

Kinetics of dendritic cells

A

Derived from monocyte and emigrate in response to stimuli

30
Q

Macrophage morphology

A

Round to oval and slightly indented nucleus
Cytoplasmic granules
Abundant organelles

31
Q

Characteristics of macrophages

A

-Multifunctional
-Aerobic
-Important for inflammation and immunologic events
-Critical for chronic inflammation and healing

32
Q

Types of macrophages

A

M1-Pro-inflammatory, host defense and anti-tumor immunity
M2- Regulate healing, anti-inflammatory, suppress host defenses

33
Q

Inflammatory function of macrophages

A

-Phagocytosis (after neutrophils, but better at it)
-Chronic inflammation
-Innate and acquired immunity
-Lysosomal enzymes
-Oxygen metabolites
-Complement components
-Coagulation factors

34
Q

NK cells

A

Cytotoxic innate immunity
-Respond to altered MHC 1 molecules or stress associated proteins
-Lysis of target cells with perforins and granzyme
-Early responder to virus-infected or tumor cells

35
Q

T cells

A

Either CD4 or CD8 cytotoxic

36
Q

B cells

A

Humoral immunity
Defined by immunoglobin
Differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells following stimulation

General Pathology (30 decks)

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