Circulatory System Flashcards
Site of cellular events associated with infalmmation
Post capillary
Interstitiums- blood vessel movement
-Lipid soluble move through endothelial cel
-Water soluble goes through endothelial pore
Inter endothelial gaps in lymphatics
Moves freely when lymphatics have low pressure and because they are overlapping the gaps are closed off when pressure is high in there. This allows it to flow
What controls interstitial fluid distribution
-Anatomic integrity of the circulation
-Osmotic pressure
-Hydrostatic pressure
Plasma osmolality is predominantly from
Na and Cl usually even in compartments so don’t get net flux. must rely on large proteins in blood to get flux because they can;t cross membranes
What is the major factor in driving water exchange between plasma and interstitium
Intravasular hydrostatic pressure in capillaries
Mechanisms of edema
-Decreased plasma osmotic pressure
-Increased plasma hydrostatic pressure
-Decreased lymphatic drainage
-Increased vascular permeability
Decreased plasma osmotic pressure
-hypoalbuminemia is common underlying factor
-Contributes majorly to intravascular osmotic pressure
-Generalized edema because systemic
Hypoalbuminemia causes
-Starvation
-Liver disease
-Renal disease
-GI disease
-Severe burns
Increase plasma hydrostatic pressure
Net outflow of fluid from vessels to interstitium. Usually from heart failures or local venous obstructions
Causes of increased plasma hydrostatic pressure
-Increased blood flow
-Passive accumulation
-Heart failure
Right heart failure
Blood backs into portal circulation. Get ascites in abdominal cavity
Left heart failure
Pulmonary congestion and get pulmonary edema which goes into the alveoli since it is so thin
Generalized Heart failure
Generalized edema can result in reduced circulating blood volume which stimulates ADH and aldosterone to which contribute to hypervolemia and increased plasma hydrostatic pressure
Causes of decreased lymphatic drainage
-Lymphatic obstruction or lymphatic anomalies
-Almost always localized
Increased vascular permeabilitu
Increases so that water is just freely moving out of vessel
Causes of increased vascular permeability
-Inflammation
-Inflammatory mediators (Histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, TNF, IL 1, Gamma IFN)
From immunologic stimuli or direct injury. Localized
Gross morphology of edema
Clear, gel-like fluid within tissues that tend to gravitate ventrally
Fluid in body cavity
-Ascites-fluid in abdomen
-Hydrothorax-in thoracic cavity
-Hydropericardium- pericardial sac
Histologic morphology of edema
Eosinophilic amorphous material within a tissue
Significance of edema
Can be insignifiacant to fatal (cerebral or pulmonary edema)
Clinical classification of edema
-Nutritional (albumin)
-Renal (albumin)
-Cardiac (hydrostatic pressure)
-Parasitic (albumin
