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General Pathology > Abnormal hemostasis > Flashcards

Abnormal hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What does abnormal hemostasis lead to

A

Hemorrhage or thrombosis

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2
Q

Platelet disorders

A

-Thrombocytopenia: decreased production, use too much, premature distruction
-Thrombocytopathy: not working right

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3
Q

Causes of decreased platelet numbers

A

Leads to hemorrhage
-Myelopathies
-Chemicals
-Drugs
-Radiation and chemotherapy

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4
Q

Causes of increased destruction of platelets

A

-Immune mediated: primary or secondary
-Infection

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5
Q

Causes of increased consumption of platelets

A

-Endothelial activation
-Localized intravascular coagulation
-Disseminated intravascular coagulation

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6
Q

Inhereted problems of platelets

A

-Gplb deficiency
-Defective GPIIb and GPIIIa
-Von Willebrand factor deficiency

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7
Q

Von Willebrand disease

A

Most common inherited bleeding disorder of dogs (corgi, dobermans, german sheperd)
Platelets don’t bind to endothelium

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8
Q

Other causes of thrombocytopathy

A

-Drugs
-Uremia with renal failure
-Increased FDP
-Hepatic disease
-Immun-mediated thrombocytopenia
-Megakaryocytic neoplasia
-Infection

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9
Q

Antiplatelet drugs

A

Aspirin

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10
Q

Coagulation disorders

A

Can ve inherited or acquierd

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11
Q

Inherited coagulation disorders

A

-Found in every pathway although some may be more rare
-Hemophilia A (Factor VII)
-Hemophilia B (Factor IX)

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12
Q

Hemophilia A

A

Most common coagulopathy in animals (german sheperd) Factor VIII defieciency

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13
Q

Acquired Coagulation disorders

A

-Decreased production (liver disease, Vitamin K deficiency)
-Increased utilization (endothelial injury, sever trauma or burns, DIC)
-Inhibition of coagulation factors (heparin, FDP, antiphospholipid antibody, antibody to CF)

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14
Q

Coagulation disorders due to liver disease

A

-Decreased production of pro and anti coagulant factors
-Must be really severe or DIC to see

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15
Q

Vitamin K dependent coagulation factor

A

II, VII, IX, and X, and proteins C and S

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16
Q

Vitamin K antagonists

A

-Moldy sweet clover
-Rodenticides (warfarin)
-Sulfaquinoxaline

17
Q

Other causes of Vitamin K deficiency

A

-Anorexia
-Enteric antimicrobials
-Decreased fat digestion or absorption

18
Q

Causes of DIC

A

Major stimulus is widespread vascular injury

19
Q

DIC

A

Thrombin is the central role
-Activates platelets and coagulation factors and activates fibrinolysis
-Rapid consumption of hemostatic proteins (coagulopathy)
-Later get uncontrolled hemorrhage

20
Q

DIC morphology

A

-Subclinical to sever hemorrhage
-Shock
-Organ Failure

21
Q

Causes of hemorrhage

A

-Vascular injury
-Platelet disorders
-Coagulation disorders

22
Q

Causes of vascular injury

A

-Trauma
-Inflammation
-Secondary invasion
-Necrosis
-Endothelial degeneration (endotoxin)

23
Q

By rhexis

A

Active blood loss due to tears or rents in blood vessel

24
Q

By diapedesis

A

Passive blood loss through endothelial gaps

25
Q

Classification of hemorrhage

A

-Petechia
-Ecchymosis
-Suffusive

26
Q

Petechia

A

Pinpoint hemorrhage

27
Q

Eccymosis

A

Medium hemorrhage associated with more severe vascular injury

28
Q

Suffusive

A

Large localized hemorrhage

29
Q

Hematoma

A

Hemorrhage into tissue or interstitium. Eventually stops (confined) when pressure in outside of tissue is same in blood vessel

30
Q

Thrombosis

A

Solid mass of blood components within a blood vessel or the heart. Reflection of excessive or inappropriate hemostasis

31
Q

Causes of thrombosis

A

-Endothelial activation/injury
-Platelet activation
-Coagulation pathways activated
-Stasis
-Decreased fibrinolysis
-Abnormal anti-coagulant proteins

32
Q

Virchows triad

A

-Altered blood vessels
-Altered blood flow
-Altered in blood coagulation

General Pathology (30 decks)

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