Endocrine system 2

Question 1

Types of cell in thyroid gland

Answer 1

Thyroid epithelial cells
C cells-> calcitonin

Question 2

Thyroid gland hyperfunction

Answer 2

Usually primary thyroid
-Polyphagia
-Weight loss
-Weak
-Tachycardia

Question 3

Thyroid hypofunction

Answer 3

Usually primary thyroid involvement
-Inactivity
-Alopecia
-Lethargy
-Weight gain
-Obesity

Question 4

Thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinoma

Answer 4

See in old cats. Result in hyperthyroidism. Adenoma more common. Hard to tell from hyperplasia.

Question 5

Thyroid hyperplasia

Answer 5

Can be nonfunctional. Worry about progressing to adenoma in cats

Question 6

Parafollicular (C cell ) neoplasia

Answer 6

See in old bulls and horses. May be because of persistent high calcium. Can be functional resulting in hypercacitoninism

Question 7

Goiter

Answer 7

Inhibition of thyroid hormone formation. Resulting in thyroid hyperplasia. Can be nutritional or goitrogenic. Can be diffuse, multinodular, or dyshormongenic. Hyperplasia results in hypofunction

Question 8

Thyroid gland atrophy

Answer 8

Idiopathic follicular atrophy most common in dogs. Primary degeneration resulting in hypothyroidism

Question 9

Lymphocytic thyroiditis

Answer 9

Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid resulting in hypothyroidism. See auto-antibodies to thyroglobulin

Question 10

Features of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 10

-Hypercalcemia due to enhanced intestinal absorption and bone calcium mobilization
-Fibrous osteodystrophy
-Gastrointestinal disturbance
-Muscle weakness

Question 11

Pseudohyperparathyroidism

Answer 11

Persistent hypercalcemia without increased PTH
-Due to PTH like peptide, osteolytic factors, cytokines among other substances from neoplasms
-See PT gland atrophy

Question 12

Parathyroid atrophy

Answer 12

Lymphocytic parathyroiditis
Usually autoimmune origin where lymphoid cells infiltrate and lose chief cells
-Results in neuromuscular excitability and decreased bone reabsorption

Question 13

Hypocalcemic syndromes

Answer 13

-Cattle- parturient paresis
-Dogs-Puerperal tetany
Usually due to acute need during parturition or lactation

Question 14

Parturient paresis

Answer 14

High threshold potential at neuromuscular junction makes it hard to discharge the nerve
Slowly give Ca IV

Question 15

Puerperal tetany

Answer 15

Low threshold potential at neuromuscular junctions have repeated firing of these motor nerves