Inferior Limb Flashcards
ID 16
Linea arcuata [arcuate line of the ox coxae]- bony line at the boundary between the lesser and greater pelvis.
ID 18
Labium externum [external lip of ox coxae]- outer border of the iliac crest that gives attachment to the external oblique muscle of the abdomen.
ID 21
Labium internum [internal lip of os coxae]- bony ridge on the inner margin of the iliac crest that gives origin to the transverse abdominal muscle.
ID 19
Tuberculum iliacum [tuber of iliac crest]- palpable projection on the outer lip about 5 cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine at the junction of the anterior gluteal line and the iliac crest.
ID 28 (line)
Linea glutealis anterior [anterior gluteal line]- flat ridge near the center of the wing of the ilium, between the origins of the gluteus minimus and gluteus maximus muscles.
ID 29
Linea glutealis posterior [posterior gluteal line]- bony ridge between the origins of the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles.
ID 30
Linea glutealis inferior [inferior gluteal line]- bony ridge above the acetabulum running between the origins of the gluteus minimus and rectus femoris muscles.
ID 6
Ramus superior ossis pubis [superior pubic ramus] - The part of the pubis above the obturator foramen.
ID 7
Eminentia iliopubica [Iliopubic eminence] - Flat eminence near the proximal part of pubis.
ID 9
Crista obturatoria - [ obturator crest ] - . Inferior border of the superior pubic ramus that gives origin to the pubofemoral ligament.
ID 10
Sulcus obturatoria [ Obturator groove.] - Groove on the obturator crest along the obturator foramen.
ID 13
Corpus ossis ilii [ Body of ilium] - Main bony part of the ilium. Its inferior end is involved in formation of the acetabulum.
ID 14
Sulcus supraacetabularis [Supra-acetabular groove] - Groove between the acetabular margin and the body of the ilium.
What is the angle between the right and left inferior pubic rami?
Angulus subpubicus [Subpubic angle] - The angle between the right and left inferior pubic rami (average of 75 degrees in men and 90–100 degrees in women).
What structure do 16 and 17 comprise?
Arcus pubicus [pubic arch]- arch below the pubic symphysis that is formed by the right and left pubic rami.
ID 21
Apertura pelvis superior [Superior pelvic aperture] - Upper opening of the lesser pelvis along the linea terminalis.
ID 22
Apertura pelvis inferior [Inferior pelvic aperture] Lower opening of the lesser pelvis between the coccyx, the ischial tuberosities, and the inferior pubic rami.
ID 11
Crista intertrochanteria [intertrochanteric crest of the femur b.] - Bony ridge extending on the posterior aspect of the femur from the greater to the lesser trochanter.
ID 12
Tuberculum quadratum [quadrate tubercle of femur b.]- round eminence on the intertrochanteric crest.
ID 16
Labium mediale [medial lip of linea aspera of femur b.]- medial prolongation of the linea aspera.
ID 15
Labium laterale [lateral lip of linea aspera of femur b.]- lateral prolongation of the linea aspera.
ID 19
Facies poplitea [popliteal surface of femur b.]- triangular area on the posterior aspect of the femur between the divergent lips of the linea aspera and the intercondylar line.
ID 20
Linea supracondylaris medialis [medial supracondylar line of femur b.]- continuation of the medial lip of the linea aspera toward the medial condyle.
ID 21
Linea supracondylaris lateralis [lateral supracondylar line of femur b.]- continuation of the lateral lip of the linea aspera toward the lateral condyle. The popliteal surface is situated between the two supracondylar lines.
ID 25
Condylus Lateralis [Lateral condyle of femur b.]
ID 27
Sulcus Popliteus [Groove for popliteus of femur b.]
ID 30
Linea Intercondylaris [Intercondylar line of femur bone] Posterior ridge between the roots of the condyles.
ID 18
Tuberositas Glutealis [Gluteal tuberosity of femur b.] Roughened, elongated area prolonging the lateral lip to superior. It affords insertion to the gluteus maximus muscle.
ID 17 on tibia
Facies articularis fibularis [fibular articular surface of tibia]- posterolateral surface articulating with the head of the fibula.
ID 10
Malleolus medialis [Medial malleolus of tibia]
ID 11
Sulcus malleolaris [Malleolar groove of tibia] - Small groove on the posterior aspect of the medial malleolus for passage of the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle.
ID 12
Facies articularis malleoli medialis [Articular surface of medial malleolus of tibia] Lateral cartilage-lined surface of the medial malleolus facing the talus.
ID 17 on fibula
Facies articularis capitis fibulae [articular surface of fibular head]- articular surface on the proximal end of the fibula facing the tibia.
ID 24
Crista Medialis [Medial crest of fibula] - Bony ridge on the posterior surface of the shaft that forms the boundary between the origins of the tibialis posterior and the flexor hallucis longus muscles.
ID 28
Malleolus Lateralis [Lateral malleolus of fibula]
ID Groove located just lateral to 30
Sulcus Malleolaris [Malleolar groove of fibula] - Groove lateral to the malleolar fossa for passage of the tendons of the peronei muscles.
ID 15
Facies malleolaris lateralis [lateral malleolar surface of talus]- surface of the lateral aspect of the trochlea of the talus for articulation with the lateral malleolus.
ID 16
Processus lateralis tali [lateral process of talus]- bony projection below the lateral malleolar surface.
ID 17
Facies malleolaris medialis [medial malleolar surface of talus]- surface that is nearly parallel to the sagittal plane for articulation with the medial malleolus.
ID purple
Processus posterior tali [posterior process of talus]- broad process below the posterior border of the trochlea of the talus. It bears the medial and lateral tubercles between which passes the groove for the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus.
ID green
Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi [Groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus m. of talus] - Groove on the posteromedial aspect of the posterior process for the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus.
ID green
Tuberculum Mediale [Medial tubercle of talus] - Bony process medial to the groove for the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus.
ID green
Tuberculum Laterale [Lateral tubercle of talus] - Bony process lateral to the groove for the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus.
ID green
Tuberculum calcanei [tuber calcanei]- tuber on the posterior aspect of the calcaneus.
ID green
Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi [groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus muscle of calcaneus]- groove on the inferior aspect of the sustentaculum tali for the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle.
ID green - note: talus is removed in image
Sulcus calcanei [calcaneal groove]- groove between the middle and posterior talar articular surfaces.
ID green
Sulcus tendinis musculi peronei longi [Groove for tendon of peroneus longus m. of calcaneus] - Groove on the lateral aspect of the calcaneus below the fibular trochlea.
ID 5
Trochlea peronealis [Peroneal trochlea of calcaneus] - Bony projection above the groove for the tendon of the fibularis longus that acts as a pulley for the fibularis longus muscle. Attachment site for part of the peroneal retinaculum. The fibularis brevis m. passes cranially from the trochlea.
ID 8
Tuberositas ossis navicularis [tuberosity of navicular bone]- the medial margin of the navicular that gives attachment to the posterior tibialis muscle. It is palpable through the skin.
ID 13
Sulcus tendinis musculi peronei longi [groove for tendon of peroneus longus muscle of cuboid b.]- furrow on the inferior and lateral aspect of the cuboid that transmits the tendon of the fibularis longus muscle and is involved in directing the tendon.
ID 14
Tuberositas ossis cuboidei [tuberosity of cuboid bone]- bony prominence on the inferior aspect of the cuboid proximal to the groove for the tendon of the peroneus longus.
ID 15
Processus Calcaneus [Calcaneal process of cuboid b.] - Plantar process at the margin of the cuboid that projects proximally and medially. The articular surface on its apex supports the calcaneus.
ID 26 and 27
Ligamentum iliofemorale [iliofemoral ligament of hip jt.]- strong anterior band that extends from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the intertrochanteric line. It travels in two main directions.
ID green
Ligamentum iliofemorale [iliofemoral ligament of hip jt.]- strong anterior band that extends from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the intertrochanteric line. It travels in two main directions.
ID green
Ligamentum ischiofemorale [ischiofemoral ligament of hip jt.]- ligamentous fivers that spiral from the ischium above the neck of the femur to the trochanteric fossa and also radiate into the zona orbicularis. It limits internal rotation.
ID green
Ligamentum pubofemorale [pubofemoral ligament of hip jt.]- ligament that extends from the medial surface of the pubis within the joint capsule to the zona orbicularis and to the portion of the femur proximal to the lesser trochanter. It limits abduction.
ID green
Labrum acetabulare [acetabular labrum of hip jt.]- lip of the acetabulum. Fibrocartilage ring that augments the bony acetabulum.
ID 32
Ligamentum capitis femoris [ligament of head of femur bone of hip jt.]- intracapsular band that extends from the acetabular notch to the fovea for the ligament of the head of the femur. It transmits vessels and does not directly influence joint mechanics.
ID green
Ligamentum Transversum acetabuli [ Transverse acetabular ligament of hip jt.] - Ligament that spans the acetabular notch and augments the acetabulum.
ID 3
Ligamentum mensicofemorale anterius [anterior meniscofemoral ligament of the knee jt.]- fibrous band that is occasionally present, extending from the posterior end of the lateral meniscus to the medial condyle of the femur. Lies anterior to the posterior cruciate ligament.
ID 4
Ligamentum meniscofemorale posterius [posterior meniscofemoral ligament of knee jt.]- band that extends posteriorly from the lateral meniscus to the fibular surface of the medial femoral condyle and lies posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament.
ID 6
Ligamentum transversum genus [transverse ligament of the knee joint]- transverse band that connects the anterior ends of the two menisci
ID green
Ligamentum popliteum obliquum [Oblique popliteal ligament of knee jt.] Band of fibers that passes from the insertion of the semimembranosus muscle to superolateral, reinforcing the posterior wall of the joint capsule.
ID green
Ligamentum popliteum arcuatum [Arcuate popliteal ligament of knee jt.] Arched band of fibers that passes from the head of the fibula above the origin of the popliteus muscle to within the posterior wall of the joint capsule which it strengthens.
ID 14
Ligamentum sacrotuberale [Sacrotuberous ligament of sacro-iliac jt.] Strong band that extends from the sacrum and the ilium to the ischial tuberosity.
ID 16
Ligamentum sacrospinale [Sacrospinous ligament of sacro-iliac jt.] - Band that extends from the sacrum and the coccyx to the ischial spine, dividing the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
ID green
Ligamentum sacro-iliacia anterior [Anterior sacro-iliac ligament] Ligamentous bands that extend from the anterior aspect of the first and second sacral vertebrae to the ilium.
ID green
Ligamentum sacro-iliacia posterius [Posterior sacro-iliac ligament] Group of bands that pass behind the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament connecting the sacrum and ilium.
ID
Musculus piriformis [piriformis m.] - o: Anterior surface of sacrum. i: Greater trochanter, medial aspect of the apex. Abduction, extension, and lateral rotation at the hip joint. I: Sacral plexus.
ID
Musculus obturator externus [external obturator m.] - o: External surface of obturator membrane and surrounding area. i: Trochanteric fossa. Lateral rotation and adduction at the hip joint. I: Obturator nerve.
ID
Musculus obturator internus [internal obturator m.] - o: Internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding area. i: Trochanteric fossa of greater trochanter. Lateral rotation, abduction, adduction. I: Sacral plexus.
ID
Musculus gemellus superior [superior gemellus m.] - o: Ischial spine. i: Tendon of obturator internus muscle and trochanteric fossa. Lateral rotation, adduction, abduction. I: Sacral plexus.
ID
Musculus gemellus inferior [inferior gemellus m.] - o: Ischial tuberosity. i: Tendon of obturator internus, trochanteric fossa. Lateral rotation, adduction, abduction. I: Sacral plexus.
ID
Musculus quadratus femoris [Quadratus femoris m.] - o: Ischial tuberosity. i: Intertrochanteric crest. Lateral rotation and adduction. I: Sacral plexus.
ID 29
Musculus adductor minimus [Adductor minimus m.] - Superior portion of the adductor magnus, taking origin further to anterior from the pelvis
ID
Musculus Psoas Minor [Psoas minor m.] - o: Vertebral bodies of T12 and L1. i: Fascia iliaca. I: Lumbar plexus.
ID
Musculus extensor hallucis brevis [extensor hallucis brevis m.]o: Dorsal aspect of calcaneus. i: Proximal phalanx of great toe. Ex- tension of great toe. I: Deep fibular nerve.
ID
Musculus extensor digitorum brevis [extensor digitorum brevis m.]. o: Dorsal aspect of calcaneus. i: Dorsal aponeuroses of second through fourth toes. I: Deep fibular nerve.
ID
Musculi interossei dorsales [dorsal interossei mm.]o: Two-headed muscle aris- ing from the metatarsals. i: Proximal pha- langes of second through fourth toes, plantar ligament. Abduction and flexion at metatarso- phalangeal joint. I: Lateral plantar nerve.
ID
Musculi interossei plantares [plantar interossei mm.]o: Muscle arising from a single head on third through fifth metatarsals. i: Bases of proximal phalanges. Adduction and flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints. I: Lateral plantar nerve.
ID
Musculus abductor hallucis [abductor hallucis m.]o: Calcaneal tuberosity. i: Medial sesamoid bone and proximal phalanx of great toe. Medial abduction, supports longi- tudinal arch of foot. I: Medial plantar nerve.
ID
Musculus abductor digiti minimi [abductor digiti minimi m.]o: Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis. i: Lateral surface of pro- ximal phalanx of fifth toe. Plantar flexion and abduction of fifth toe. Forms the lateral margin of foot. I: Lateral plantar nerve.
ID
Musculus flexor digitorum brevis [Flexor digitorum brevis m.] Cuneiform (I), long plantar ligament, tendon of tibialis posterior, plantar aponeurosis. Forms the groove for the flexor hallucis longus. Plantar flexion of great toe. I: Medial plantar nerve
ID
Musculus quadratus plantae [Quadratus plantae m./flexor accessorius m.]o: Calcaneus. i: Lateral border of tendon of flexor digitorum longus. Toe flexion and support of longitudinal arch of foot. I: Lateral plantar nerve.
ID
Musculi lumbricales [lumbrical mm.] o: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus. i: Bases of proximal phalanges of sec- ond through fifth toes. Flexion at metatarso- phalangeal joint, movement of toes toward great toe. I: Medial and lateral plantar nerves.
ID
Musculi lumbricales [lumbrical mm.] o: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus. i: Bases of proximal phalanges of sec- ond through fifth toes. Flexion at metatarso- phalangeal joint, movement of toes toward great toe. I: Medial and lateral plantar nerves.
ID
Musculus adductor hallucis [adductor hallucis m.] Muscle comprised of the following two heads. Supports the arch of the foot. Plantar flexion of proximal phalanx. Ad- duction of great toe. I: Lateral plantar nerve
ID
Caput obliquum [oblique head of the adductor hallucis m.]o: Sec- ond to fourth metatarsals, lateral cuneiform bone and cuboid. i: Together with the trans- verse head on the lateral sesamoid bone and proximal phalanx of great toe.
ID
Caput transversum [Transverse head of the adductor hallucis m.] o: Joint capsules of third to fifth metatarsopha- langeal joints. i: Together with the transverse head on the lateral sesamoid bone and proxi- mal phalanx of great toe. Mainly supports transverse arch of foot
ID
Musculus flexor hallucis brevis [flexor hallucis brevis m.]o: Cuneiform (I), long plantar ligament, tendon of tibialis posterior, plantar aponeurosis. Forms the groove for the flexor hallucis longus. Plantar flexion of great toe. I: Medial plantar nerve.
ID medial and lateral aspects
Caput mediale [Medial head of the flexor hallicus brevis m.]i: Ten- don of abductor hallucis, medial sesamoid bone, proximal phalanx.
Caput laterale [Lateral head of the flexor hallicus brevis m.]i: Tendon of adductor hallucis, lateral sesamoid bone, proximal phalanx.
ID
Musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis [Flexor Digiti Minimi brevis m.] o: Base of fifth metatarsal and long plantar ligament. i: Proxi- mal phalanx of little toe. Flexion and abduction of little toe. I: Lateral plantar nerve.
ID
Nervus Iliohypogastricus [iliohypogastric n.]Nerve containing sensory and motor fibers from L1 and T12 that supplies the abdominal muscles. It traverses the psoas major and continues be- tween the transverse abdominis and internal oblique muscles, which it pierces medial to the anterior superior iliac spine.
ID
Nervus ilioinguinalis [ilioinguinalis n.] It usually arises from L1 and emerges at the lateral border of the psoas. It travels between the kidney and quad- ratus lumborum, then between the transverse abdominal and internal oblique muscles, con- tinuing through the inguinal canal.
ID
Nervus genitofemoralis [genitofemoral n.] n. Arising from L1 nad L2 that pierces and lies on top of the psoas major m.
ID
Nervus cutaneous femoris lateralis [lateral femoral cutaneous n.] It arises from L2 and L3 and emerges at the lateral border of the psoas. It travels beneath the iliac fascia through the lateral part of the muscular space and either deep or superficial to the sar- torius, continuing to the skin of the lateral aspect of the thigh
ID
Nervus obturatorius [obturator n.] It arises from L2–L4 and travels beneath the psoas, posterior to the inter- nal iliac artery, lateral to the ureter, continuing through the obturator canal to the adductors and the skin of the medial aspect of the thigh.
ID
Nervus femoralis [Femoral n.] Thickest branch of the lumbar plexus, which arises from L2–L4. It emerges at the lateral border of the psoas and travels in the muscular space between it and the iliacus. It divides below the inguinal ligament.
ID
Nervus musculi obturatorii interni [N. For the internal obturator m.] Nerve arising from L5–S2, passing through the greater sciatic foramen into the ischioanal fossa from where 28 it travels into the obturator internus.
ID
Nervus musculi piriformis [n. For the piriformis m.]Nerve arising from S1–S2 that passes to the anterior side of the piriformis.
ID
Nervus musculi quadrati femoris [n. For the quadratus femoris m.] Nerve arising from L4–S1 that passes through the greater 30 sciatic foramen and continues along a very deep course to the quadratus femoris and hip joint.
ID
Nervus gluteus superior [Superior gluteal n.] - Nerve arising from L4– S1 that passes through the greater sciatic fora- men cranial to the piriformis and then be- tween the gluteus medius and minimus to the tensor muscle of fascia lata, which it sup- plies as well as the above-mentioned muscles.
ID
Nervus gluteus superior [Superior gluteal n.] - Nerve arising from L4– S1 that passes through the greater sciatic fora- men cranial to the piriformis and then be- tween the gluteus medius and minimus to the tensor muscle of fascia lata, which it sup- plies as well as the above-mentioned muscles.
ID
Nervus gluteus inferior [inferior gluteal n.] Nerve arising from L5– S2 that travels through the infrapiriform fora- men and supplies the gluteus maximus.
ID
Nervus gluteus inferior [inferior gluteal n.] Nerve arising from L5– S2 that travels through the infrapiriform fora- men and supplies the gluteus maximus.
ID
Nervus cutaneous femoralis posterior [posterior femoral cutaneous n.] Nerve arising from S1–S3 that travels through the greater sciatic foramen distal to the piriformis and supplies the skin on the posterior side of the thigh as well as the proximal part of the leg.
ID
Nervus cutaneous femoralis posterior [posterior femoral cutaneous n.] Nerve arising from S1–S3 that travels through the greater sciatic foramen distal to the piriformis and supplies the skin on the posterior side of the thigh as well as the proximal part of the leg.
ID
Nervus pudendus [pudendal n.] Nerve arising from the sec- ond, third, and fourth sacral spinal nerves. It travels through the greater sciatic foramen dis- tal to the piriformis into the ischioanal fossa.
ID
Nervus coccygeus [coccygeal n.] Last spinal nerve. It emerges between the coccyx and sacrum and communicates with the 4th and 5th sacral spinal nn.
ID
Nervus Ischiadicus [sciaticus] [sciatic n.] Thickest nerve in the body, arising from L4–S3. It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen distal to the pirifor- mis and descends lateral to the ischial tuberos- ity, than travels deep to the gluteus maximus and long head of biceps femoris.
ID
Nervus Ischiadicus [sciaticus] [sciatic n.] Thickest nerve in the body, arising from L4–S3. It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen distal to the pirifor- mis and descends lateral to the ischial tuberos- ity, than travels deep to the gluteus maximus and long head of biceps femoris.
ID
Nervus Fibularis communis [common fibular n.] Branch of the sciatic nerve arising from L4–S2. It accompanies the tendon of the biceps femoris to posterior to the head of fibula and then crosses obliquely forward between the skin and the fibula.
ID
Nervus fibularis superficialis [superficial fibular n.] Terminal branch of the common fibular nerve. It descends between the peroneus mus- cles and extensor digitorum longus.
ID
Nervus fibularis profundus [deep fibular n.]Nerve passing deep to the peroneus longus and then lateral to the tibialis anterior to the dorsum of foot.
ID
Nervus tibialis [tibial n.] Second terminal branch of the sciatic nerve arising from L4–S3. It travels through the popliteal fossa, passes deep to the tendinous arch of the soleus, and accompa- nies the posterior tibial artery around the medial malleolus to the sole of the foot.
ID
Nervus sural [sural n.] Continuation of the medial sural cutaneous nerve after it joins the sural com- municating branch.
ID
Arteria iliaca externa
ID
A. Epigastrica Inferior [Inferior Epigastric A.] it arises dorsally from the inguinal lig. And ascends to the inner surface of the rectus abdominis producing the lateral umbilical fold. It anastomoses with the superior epigastric a.
ID
A. Femoralis [Femoral A.] Artery extending from the inguinal ligament to the popliteal artery.
ID
A. Circumflexa Ilium superficialis [Superficial circumflex iliac A.] It runs par- allel to the inguinal ligament toward the anterior superior iliac crest.
ID
A. Epicastrica Superficialis [Superficial Epigasric A] It arises distal to the inguinal ligament and passes on the ab- dominal muscles toward the navel.
ID
Popliteal artery
ID
Anterior tibial artery
ID
Posterior tibial artery
ID
A. Dorsalis Pedis [Dorsal A. Of the Foot] Continuation of the anterior tibial artery on the dorsum of foot. After crossing under the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus and passage of the extensor retinaculum, it lies lat- eral to the tendon where it is palpable.
ID
A. Arcuata [Arcuate A.] It curves laterally over the bases of metatarsals beneath the extensor digitorum brevis.
ID
A. Plantaris Medialis [Medial Plantar A.]Usually thinner, medial terminal branch of the posterior tibial artery that passes to the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis.
ID
A. Plantaris Lateralis [Lateral Plantar A.] Thicker, lateral term- inal branch of the posterior tibial artery. It curves anterolaterally from the flexor digi- torum brevis to the quadratus plantae.
ID blue vessel
Venas saphena parva - small sapnenous vein
ID
Aponeurosis plantaris - plantar aponeurosis
ID
[posterior femoral cutaneous n.] Nerve arising from S1–S3 that travels through the greater sciatic foramen distal to the piriformis and supplies the skin on the posterior side of the thigh as well as the proximal part of the leg.
ID
[perforating cutaneous n.] Branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve that sup- plies the anal skin.
ID
[pudendal n.] Nerve arising from the sec- ond, third, and fourth sacral spinal nerves. It travels through the greater sciatic foramen dis- tal to the piriformis into the ischioanal fossa.
ID
[N. For the internal obturator m.] Nerve arising from L5–S2, passing through the greater sciatic foramen into the ischioanal fossa from where 28 it travels into the obturator internus.
ID
[n. For the quadratus femoris m.] Nerve arising from L4–S1 that passes through the greater 30 sciatic foramen and continues along a very deep course to the quadratus femoris and hip joint.
ID
[n. For the piriformis m.]Nerve arising from S1–S2 29 that passes to the anterior side of the piriformis.
[Superior gluteal n.] Nerve arising from L4– S1 that passes through the greater sciatic fora- men cranial to the piriformis and then be- tween the gluteus medius and minimus to the tensor muscle of fascia lata, which it sup- plies as well as the above-mentioned muscles.
[inferior gluteal n.] Nerve arising from L5– S2 that travels through the infrapiriform fora- men and supplies the gluteus maximus.
[iliohypogastric n.]Nerve containing sensory and motor fibers from L1 and T12 that supplies the abdominal muscles. It traverses the psoas major and continues be- tween the transverse abdominis and internal oblique muscles, which it pierces medial to the anterior superior iliac spine.
[ilioinguinalis n.] It usually arises from L1 and emerges at the lateral border of the psoas. It travels between the kidney and quad- ratus lumborum, then between the transverse abdominal and internal oblique muscles, con- tinuing through the inguinal canal.
[genitofemoral n.] n. Arising from L1 nad L2 that pierces and lies on top of the psoas major m.
[lateral femoral cutaneous n.] It arises from L2 and L3 and emerges at the lateral border of the psoas. It travels beneath the iliac fascia through the lateral part of the muscular space and either deep or superficial to the sar- torius, continuing to the skin of the lateral aspect of the thigh.
[Femoral n.] Thickest branch of the lumbar plexus, which arises from L2–L4. It emerges at the lateral border of the psoas and travels in the muscular space between it and the iliacus. It divides below the inguinal ligament.
[obturator n.] It arises from L2–L4 and tra- vels beneath the psoas, posterior to the inter- nal iliac artery, lateral to the ureter, continuing through the obturator canal to the adductors and the skin of the medial aspect of the thigh.
