Important Info Exam 1 2.2 Flashcards by Pickle Rick

Which of the following is NOT an action of the body on a drug?
a. Absorption
b. Distribution
c. Metabolism
d. Excretion
e. Adverse effects

e. Adverse effects

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The study of genetic influences on individual responses to drugs
a. Pharmacogenomics
b. Pharmacoeconomics
c. Pharmacodynamics
d. Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacogenomics

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The study of drug movement throughout the body
a. Pharmacogenomics
b. Pharmacoeconomics
c. Pharmacodynamics
d. Pharmacokinetics

d. Pharmacokinetics

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What did the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act do?

Prohibited FDA review of supplements and botanicals as drugs

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A patent is generally good for how long after the drug is on the market?
a. 1 year
b. 5-10 years
c. 10-20 years
d. 20-30 years

b. 5-10 years

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Protein molecules that function to recognize and respond to endogenous chemical signals and are classified based upon the ligands that bind them are called:
a. Ion channels
b. Enzymes
c. Receptors
d. Carrier molecules

c. Receptors

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The drug-receptor bonds that would most likely lead to irreversible drug-receptor
interaction are:
a. Hydrogen bonds
b. Van der Waals
c. Ionic bonds
d. Covalent bonds

d. Covalent bonds

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What determines the degree of movement of a drug between body compartments?
a. Partition constant

b. Degree of ionization
c. pH
d. Size
e. All of the above

e. All of the above

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Aspirin readily donates a proton in aqueous solutions and pyrimethamine readily
accepts a protein in aqueous solution. Thus, aspirin is a _____ and pyrimethamine is a
______.
a. Acid; Base
b. Base; Acid
c. Acid; Acid
d. Base; Base

a. Acid; Base

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Competitive antagonist will have what effect on E50?
a. Shift to the left
b. Shift to the right

b. Shift to the right

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For a dose/response chart, what will you need to do to the dose if you add a competitive
inhibitor
a. Decrease dose to get effect
b. Keep dose the same
c. Increase dose to get effect

c. Increase dose to get effect

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Which will most likely allow an agonist to bind normally?
a. Competitive inhibitor
b. Allosteric agonist

b. Allosteric agonist

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Superfamily of receptors that reside inside the cell in the cytoplasm or nucleus:
a. Ligand-gated ion channels
b. G-protein Coupled Receptors
c. Kinase-linked and Related Receptors
d. Steroid Receptors

d. Steroid Receptors

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Following the agonist activation of a single G-protein Coupled Receptor, amplification of
the downstream signal occurs because:
a. Heterogeneity of G-proteins allows different signals in different tissues
b. Duration of activation of G-protein is longer than agonist activation of receptor
c. The receptor is internalized
d. Fast sodium channels close

b. Duration of activation of G-protein is longer than agonist activation of receptor

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What allows Histamine to get a variety of different effects in different receptors?

Heterogeneity of the G protein coupled receptors

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Upon binding agonist, insulin receptors form homodimers that phosphorylate
intracellular proteins at sites containing:
a. Aspartic acid

b. Serine
c. Threonine
d. Tyrosine

d. Tyrosine

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What makes HMG-CoA reductase a good target for drug action?

It catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of key molecules

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What is the best drug for lowering concentrations of circulating plasma proteins

Monoclonal antibodies

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Most drugs are either _____ acids or _____ bases.
a. Strong; Strong
b. Strong; Weak
c. Weak; Weak
d. Weak; Strong

c. Weak; Weak

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What form of a drug is more lipid-soluble, and thus would remain trapped within a
compartment where the pH does not favor the lipid-soluble form?
a. Strong acid (A-)
b. Weak acid (A-)
c. Neutral (AH and B)
d. Weak base (BH+)
e. Strong base (BH+)

c. Neutral (AH and B)

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The lipid soluble form of a base is _____ and the lipid-soluble form of an acid is _____.
a. Protonated; Protonated
b. Protonated; Unprotonated
c. Unprotonated; Unprotonated
d. Unprotonated; Protonated

d. Unprotonated; Protonated

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Weak acids are excreted faster in _____ urine and weak bases are excreted faster in
_____ urine.
a. Acidic; Alkaline
b. Alkaline; Acidic
c. Acidic; Neutral
d. Neutral; Alkaline
e. Alkaline; Neutral

b. Alkaline; Acidic

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Which of the following is the amount of a drug absorbed per the amount administered?
a. Bioavailability
b. Bioequivalence
c. Drug absorption
d. Bioinequivalence
e. Dosage

a. Bioavailability

What is the average bioavailability of a drug following IV administration?

a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 68%
d. 100%

d. 100%

What organ is responsible for metabolism in the “first pass effect”? a. Brain b. Heart c. Kidney d. Liver e. Spleen

d. Liver

Which of the following would receive a drug slowly? a. Liver b. Brain c. Adipose d. Muscle e. Kidney

c. Adipose

Acidic drugs bind primarily to which of the following plasma proteins? a. alpha-1 fetoprotein b. Gc-Globulin c. Albumin d. alpha-1 glycoprotein e. Transcortin

c. Albumin

Basic drugs bind primarily to which of the following plasma proteins? a. alpha-1 fetoprotein b. Gc-Globulin c. Albumin d. alpha-1 glycoprotein e. Transcortin

d. alpha-1 glycoprotein

Which of the following can produce a therapeutic response? A drug that is: a. Bound to plasma albumin b. Concentrated in the urine c. Unabsorbed from the GI tract d. Unbound to plasma proteins

d. Unbound to plasma proteins

If a drug 80% bound to blood elements or plasma proteins, what part is considered the free form? a. 20% b. 40% c. 50% d. 80% e. 100%

a. 20%

Bactrim is a 2C9 inhibitor and warfarin is the substrate for 2C9. What will happen in someone who takes Bactrim?

Warfarin will be enhanced and there will be an increase of side effects

Pharmacokinectics is the effect of the _____, and pharmacodynamics is the effect of the ______.

Body on the drug; Drug on the body

Which of the following is NOT a pharmacokinetic process? a. Alternation of the drug by liver enzymes b. Drug metabolites are removed in the urine c. Movement of drug from the gut into general circulation d. The drug causes dilation of coronary vessels e. The drug is readily deposited in fat tissue

d. The drug causes dilation of coronary vessels

Which of the following described minimal effective concentration (MEC)? a. Minimal drug plasma concentration that can be detected b. Minimal drug plasma concentration to enter tissues c. Minimal drug plasma concentration to interact with receptors d. Minimal drug plasma concentration to produce effect e. Minimal drug plasma concentration to reach therapeutic levels

d. Minimal drug plasma concentration to produce effect

Which one refers to your body’s “tank” a. Clearance b. Volume of distribution c. Half-life d. Rate constant

b. Volume of distribution

For first-order drug elimination, half-life t(1/2) is ____ at two places on the curve and a constant ____ is lost per unit time. a. Equal; Amount b. Equal; Percentage c. Not equal; Amount d. Not equal; Percentage

b. Equal; Percentage

Which of the following drugs would most likely need a loading dose to help reach therapeutic levels? a. Acetaminophen, t(1/2) = 2 hr b. Aspirin, t(1/2) = 15 min c. Tetracycline, t(1/2) = 11 hr d. Digitoxin, t(1/2) = 161 hr e. Adenosine, t(1/2) = 10 sec

d. Digitoxin, t(1/2) = 161 hr

The FDA defines a drug as

A substance used in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of a disease

For every drug developed, how many chemicals are tested for it? a. 1 b. 10 c. 100 d. 1,000

d. 1,000

After testosterone binds, what is the outcome?

Gene transcription

Once insulin is bound to its receptor, what occurs?

Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues

Physiochemical properties of drugs that allow them to bind to multiple things

Chirality

Equation for loading dose for an IV drug

D = (Vd * Css) / F

What needs to happen to cross the placental border?

High lipophilicity (seems right to me) | Non-ionized

Three questions about opoid mu receptor that were similar: 1. One of them in the question was talking about downstream effects i. the answer was about agonist binding duration being less than g-protein effects 2. One of them in the question was talking about diversity of effects i. And I think answer for this one was heterogeneity of g-proteins 3. Another one I cant remember the question i. But I put something like “different g-proteins (Gi, Gip, Golf) allowing for different effects” ??? not sure this was the right answer tho

idk what to put here sorry guys

movement of drug between blood and tissues

distribution

testosterone/androgen receptor effect

turn on or off gene expression

For first-order drug elimination, half-life t(1/2) is at two places on the curve and a constant is lost per unit time.

Equal, percentage

Which of the following is NOT a pharmacokinetic process?

Adverse effects

d. The drug causes dilation of coronary vessels

Which of the following can produce a therapeutic response? A drug that is:

unbound to plasma proteins

What form of a drug is more lipid-soluble, and thus would remain trapped within a compartment where the pH does not favor the lipid-soluble form?

Neutral

What does adding more competitive antagonist do to opioid mu receptors in terms of causing respiratory effects? a. Decrease the dose of opioid needed to cause a respiratory effect b. Increase the dose of opioid needed to cause a respiratory effect

b. Increase the dose of opioid needed to cause a respiratory effect

What allows opioid mu receptors to have a variety of different effects in different receptors?

Heterogeneity of the G protein coupled receptors

What determines the degree of movement of a drug between body compartments? a. Partition constant b. Degree of ionization c. pH d. Size e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Following the agonist activation of a single G-protein Coupled Receptor, amplification of the downstream signal occurs because: a. Heterogeneity of G-proteins allows different signals in different tissues b. Duration of activation of G-protein is longer than agonist activation of receptor c. The receptor is internalized d. Fast sodium channels close

b. Duration of activation of G-protein is longer than agonist activation of receptor

Following the agonist activation of the opioid mu receptor, amplification of the downstream signal occurs because: a. Heterogeneity of G-proteins allows different signals in different tissues b. Duration of activation of G-protein is longer than agonist activation of receptor c. The receptor is internalized d. Fast sodium channels close

b. Duration of activation of G-protein is longer than agonist activation of receptor