Important Info 2.4 ex 2 Flashcards
Which would negate the beneficial effects of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?
an anticholinergic
What is an adverse effect of a drug independent of its main pharmacodynamic effect?
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) and seizures
What is an example of a pharmacodynamic effect?
a. Dizziness from a drug
Carbamazepine is an enzyme inducer related to which liver enzyme?
CYP3A4
Which benzodiazepine is least likely to accumulate in people over 65 years old?
a. Lorazepam
b. Oxazapam
c. Tomazapam
d. All the above
d. All the above
Which of the following is a symptom of acute cholinergic toxicity?
Bradycardia
A drug that has an effect of increasing gastric emptying:
a. Increased absorption
What ions are associated with phase 0?
Sodium
Which of the following is an “irreversible” indirect cholinergic agent?
a. Novichok
Which of the following is an arrythmia that results in a HR of less than 60 bpm?
Bradycardia
Vaughn-Williams Classification III:
K+ channel blocker
Which receptor minimizes the potential for dry mouth?
a. M3
Which is a neurohormone?
Epinephrine
Which of the following medications is likely to result in dry mouth and sedation due to its effects at the histamine receptor?
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) an allergy medication
Which of the following is the best beta blocker for asthma patients?
Metoprolol
Which of the following medications has a risk of gingival hyperplasia?
a. Verapamil
b. Nifedipine
c. Diltiazem
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Post-ganglionic sympathetic releases:
NE
Post-ganglionic parasympathetic releases:
Ach
Autonomic pre-ganglionic releases
Ach
Regeneration of AchE
a. Pralidoxime
What do you give to a patient with anaphylaxis?
a. 0.3 mg IM epinephrine
Short acting beta 2 agonist in asthmatic patients
Albuterol
Which drug metabolism phase functions impair with age?
Phase 1
Stroke volume =
EDV – ESV
Which commonly occurs during pregnancy?
a. Increased renal blood flow and GFR
Which increases cardiac contraction by stimulating myocardial B1 receptors?
DOBUTamine
Which is a short-term temporizing agent for hypotension and serves as a nasal decongestant?
Phenylephrine
What are the three endogenous catecholamines?
a. Dopamine, NE, and epinephrine
Myocardial oxygen demand is determined by
HR and myocardial contractility
Characteristic of alpha 1 adrenergic receptor activation?
Increased sympathetic tone
Which of the following results in a gross structural malformation during fetal development and is different than other forms of fetal damage?
Teratogenicity (Ex. Thalidomide- sedative/hypnotic – shortened long bone development)
Which of the following drugs has the greatest risk of causing orthostatic hypotension?
Terazosin
Ethnic variation.. that some individuals of Chinese… this is because of increased concentrations of what?
Acetaldehyde
Acetylcholine is broken down by which of the following enzymes?
Acetylecholinesterase
Which of the following does beta 1 not do?
bronchodilation
Fluoxetine is SSRI antidepressant and inhibits Cytochrome P450 2D6. Risperidone is antipsychotic and is substrate for P450 2D6. What effect would you expect fluoxetine to have on
risperidone in terms of drug concentration?
Risperidone levels increase (he used different drug examples)
Atrial repolarization =
QRS Complex
Which of the following is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker?
Succinylcholine
What tertiary amine …. Something something_(all but 1 option were quaternary)
Atropine
other tertiary amines:
- scopolamine
- benztropine
- dicyclomine
A drug that treated cholinergic toxicity would NOT treat:
Paralysis
Which type of blockade can cause a patient… if they go from supine immediately sttanding? (or something like this)
Alpha 1 blockade; orthostatic hypotension
Which drugs are contraindicated in patients with asthma?
a. opiates
b. aspirin
c. antihistamines
d. all the above
d. all the above
Which of the following substances is released by the adrenal medulla and is considered to be a neurohormone?
Epinephrine
In older pt or those over the age of 65, it is not uncommon to see a decrease in hepatic activity,
especially ______ metabolism which can lead to drug accumulation
Phase 1?
Individual drug variation can result from pharmokinetic and pharmodynamic differences and may also be categorized as idiosyncratic. Which of the following statements provides an example of a pharmocynamic effect?
Sedation from blocking histamine 1 receptor
Which antianginal medication has a risk of QT prolongation and may cause an arrhythmia called
torsade de points (TdP)?
Ranolazine (other answer choices were atenolol, verapamil, and one other)
Beta 1 receptor agonist leads to all of the following except
Bronchodilation
A new drug is in development that is designed to treat chronic dry mouth. In order to minimize
the potential for adverse effects and unwanted clinical effects while maximizing the ability to
stimulate saliva secretion, which of the following receptors should this new drug be a selective
agonist of?
M3
Which of the following medication improves angina by inhibiting calcium ions influx through L
type of slow calcium channels?
a. Amlodipine (Norvasc)
b. Metoprolol
c. Nitroglycerine (nitrostat)
d. Ranolazine (renexa)
a. Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Which of the following is TRUE regarding beta 2 adrenergic receptor
Triggers bronchodilation
Which of the following medication has a possible adverse drug reaction (ADR) of
photosensitivity which may make it painful for pt to have a dental light in their eyes?
Amidraonine
Which of the following symptoms would you not expect to see in patient presenting with acute cholinergic toxicity?
Dry mouth
Movement of this ion is responsible for the rapid repolarization phase (phase 3) of the cardiac action potential?
Potassium
What are following statements for pharmacodynamics
Sedation from blocking histamine 1 receptors
Potassium channel blockers which von Williams class for anti-arrhythmic meds?
Class 3
Which one increases intracellular cGMP?
Isosorbide Mononitrate
Older patients accumulate what?
a. Lorazepam
b. Oxazepam
c. Temazepam
d. Diazepam
e. all the above
d. Diazepam
A drug that inhibits gastric emptying?
a. Slows absorption
