IMMUNISATION Flashcards
Number of vaccines in the immunisation schedule
Twelve
Name the 12 vaccines in the immunisation schedule
BCG
Oral poliomyelitis
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetatanus
Hepatitis B
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Pneumococcus
Rotavirus
Mealses
Rubella
Yellow fever
Immunisation is recommended for the following persons
High risk groups
Young children
Elderly
The malnourished
Vaccines given at birth
BCG (0.05 ml Intradermally)
Polio ’O’ (2 Drops Orally)
Vaccines given at 6 weeks
“Five In One” (Or Penta-Vaccine) 1 (0.5 ml IM)
Pneumococcal (PCV) 1 (0.5 ml IM)
Polio ’1’ (2 Drops Orally)
Rotavirus (Rotarix) 1
Vaccines given at 10 weeks
“Five In One”2 (Or Penta-Vaccine) 2 (0.5 ml IM)
PCV 2 (0.5 ml IM)
Polio ‘2’ (2 drops orally)
Rotavirus (Rotarix) 2
Vaccines given at 9 months
Measles/Rubella (0.5 ml deep SC or IM)
Yellow Fever (0.5 ml IM)
Vaccines given at 14 weeks
“Five In One” 3 (Or Penta-Vaccine) 3 (0.5 ml IM)
PCV 3 (0.5 ml IM)
Polio ‘3’ (2 drops orally)
Vaccines given at 18 months
Measles (0.5 ml deep SC or IM)
Content of the penta-vaccines
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus
Haemophilus Influenzae B
Hepatitis B
Wrong method of administration reduces efficacy. T/F
True
If Immunisation course is interrupted, resume with the same brand
of vaccine, else continue with different brand. T/F
False.
Resume with the same brand
of vaccine, else start with different brand
There are no contraindications to the immunisation of the sick child if he/she is well enough to go home. T/F
True
Children with diarrhoea who are due for oral vaccines
Give but don’t count, then repeat after 4 weeks and record this one as given
Don’t give OPV 0 after ……………….
15 days, disturbs regular immunisation schedule
Don’t give Rotarix 1st dose after …………….. , 2nd dose after …………….
12 weeks,
24 weeks
Immunisation for preterm babies
Consider all premature babies for full immunisation course.
Start immunisation in 2nd month after birth (after 4 weeks) irrespective of degree of prematurity.
Give BCG on discharge.
Delay OPV in neonatal unit and give on discharge from nursery - not while still on admission
In premature babies, why is OPV given only on discharge
There is a small chance of transfer of OPV virus to other babies
Contraindications to whole cell pertussis vaccine
Evolving neurological disease (e.g. uncontrolled epilepsy)
Are vaccines given when the child has a serious febrile illness
No, delay the vaccines
Avoid a vaccine in patient with a history of severe reaction after previous dose (e.g. anaphylactic reaction). T/F
True
Contraindications to penta-vaccine
Child with convulsion/shock within 3
days of the most recent dose of DPT or DPT/HepB/Hib
Child with recurrent convulsions or active CNS disease
Contraindications to yellow fever vaccine
History of anaphylaxis with ingestion of egg
Individuals with symptomatic HIV infection
Contraindications to BCG vaccine
Individuals with symptomatic HIV infection, can be given at birth since newborn with HIV is asymptomatic
Contraindications to live vaccines
Pregnant women - for risk of teratogenic effect
Patients with malignant disease e.g. leukaemia, Hodgkins disease
Malignant disease of the reticuloendothelial system
Patients with immune suppression, including symptomatic HIV patients
Patients on chemotherapy (defer for 6 months after stopping chemotherapy treatment)
Which live vaccine can be given in HIV positive patients
Measles vaccine, benefits outweight the risks