ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute rheumatic fever

A

An illness caused by an immunological reaction to group A streptococcal infection of the throat

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2
Q

Acute rheumatic fever occurs ……………after an untreated or inadequately treated throat infection

A

1 to 3 weeks

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3
Q

Acute rheumatic fever mainly occurs in …………. with a peak age of …………..

A

Children and adolescents,
5 to 15 years

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4
Q

Chronic form of acute rheumatic fever

A

Rheumatic heart disease

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5
Q

How long is secondary prophylaxis given after an episode of acute rheumatic fever

A

minimum of 10 years or until 21 years whichever is longer

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6
Q

Differential diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever

A

Malaria
Typhoid fever
Febril conditions
Sickle cell disease

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7
Q

Jones criteria for diagnosis acute rheumatic fever

A

Major criteria (SPECC)
Subcutaneous nodules
Polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum
Carditis
Chorea

Minor criteria (PRAFFL)
Previous rheumatic fever
ESR > 30
CRP >3mg/dl
Arthralgia
Leukocytosis
Fever
First degree AV block

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8
Q

Chorea

A

Chorea is a symptom that causes involuntary, irregular or unpredictable muscle movements.

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9
Q

Jones criteria for diagnosis of initial acute rheumatic fever

A
  1. Evidence of preceding group A streptococcal infection,
    and
  2. 2 major criteria /1 major and 2 minor criteria
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10
Q

Jones criteria for diagnosis of recurrent acute rheumatic fever

A
  1. Evidence of preceding group A streptococcal infection,
    and
  2. 2 major criteria /1 major and 2 or 3 minor criteria
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11
Q

Cause of acute rheumatic fever

A

Group A streptococcus

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12
Q

Symptoms of acute rheumatic fever

A

Fever
Malaise
Joint pain which moves from one joint to another (knees, ankles, wrists, elbows)
Palpitations
Easy fatiguability
Chest pain
Skin rash
Chorea

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13
Q

Signs of acute rheumatic fever

A

Fever > 38°C (minor criteria)
Arthralgia
Carditis
Skin rash
Subcutaneous nodules over bony prominences

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14
Q

Carditis

A

Rapid heart rate (> 100/minute)
murmur
heart failure
pericardial rub
Echocardiogram evidence of carditis

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15
Q

Investigations in acute rheumatic fever

A

FBC
ESR
CRP
Sickling status
Throat swab for culture
ASO titre
ECG
Echocardiogram

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16
Q

Evidence of first degree block on ECG

A

Prolonged PR interval for age

17
Q

Treatment objectives of acute rheumatic fever

A

To eradicate streptococcal throat infection
To suppress inflammatory response
To prevent recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever and further heart damage
To treat heart failure if co-existent

18
Q

Treatment for acute rheumatic fever

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin or Phenoxymethylpenicillin or Erythromycin
And
Aspirin or Ibuprofen
And
Prednisolone if carditis is present

19
Q

Dose of benzathine penicillin for acute rheumatic fever

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin, IM,
≥ 30 kg body weight; 1,200,000 U as a single dose
< 30 kg body weight; 600,000 U as a single dose

20
Q

Dose of prednisolone for acute rheumatic fever

A
21
Q

Dose of pheoxymethylpenicillin for acute rheumatic fever

A

Phenoxymethyl penicillin (Penicillin V), oral,
Adults
500 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
Children
6-12years; 250 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
1-5 years; 125 mg 12 hourly for 10 days

22
Q

Dose of erythromycin for acute rheumatic fever

A

Adults
500 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
Children
8-12 years; 500 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
3-8 years; 250 mg 12 hourly for 10 days
1-2 years; 125 mg 12 hourly for 10 days

23
Q

How long is aspirin given in acute rheumatic fever

A

until joint symptoms relieved, and gradually
withdraw over 1-2 weeks.

24
Q

Dose of aspirin in rheumatic fever

A

Adults
300-900 mg 4-6 hourly
Children
1 month-18 years; 25 mg/kg 6 hourly

25
Q

Dose of ibuprofen in acute rheumatic fever

A

Adults
200-800 mg 6-8 hourly (max. 2400 mg daily)
Children
10-15 mg/kg 6-8 hourly (max. 40 mg per kg daily)

26
Q

Secondary prevention (prophylaxis) of acute rheumatic fever and
rheumatic heart disease

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin
or
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
or
Erythromycin

27
Q

Dose of benzathine penicillin for secondary prevention (prophylaxis) of acute rheumatic fever and
rheumatic heart disease

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin, IM,
≥ 30 kg body weight; 1,200,000 U
< 30 kg body weight; 450 mg (600,000 U) 4-weekly

28
Q

Dose of phenoxymethylpenicillin for secondary prevention (prophylaxis) of acute rheumatic fever and
rheumatic heart disease

A

Phenoxymethyl penicillin (Penicillin V), oral,
Adults
500 mg 12 hourly daily
Children
6-12years; 250 mg 12 hourly
1-5 years; 125 mg 12 hourly

29
Q

Dose of erythromycin for secondary prevention (prophylaxis) of acute rheumatic fever and
rheumatic heart disease

A

Erythromycin, oral
Adults
500 mg 12 hourly
Children
8-12 years; 500 mg 12 hourly
3-8 years; 250 mg 12 hourly
1-2 years; 125 mg 12 hourly