ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER Flashcards
What is acute rheumatic fever
An illness caused by an immunological reaction to group A streptococcal infection of the throat
Acute rheumatic fever occurs ……………after an untreated or inadequately treated throat infection
1 to 3 weeks
Acute rheumatic fever mainly occurs in …………. with a peak age of …………..
Children and adolescents,
5 to 15 years
Chronic form of acute rheumatic fever
Rheumatic heart disease
How long is secondary prophylaxis given after an episode of acute rheumatic fever
minimum of 10 years or until 21 years whichever is longer
Differential diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever
Malaria
Typhoid fever
Febril conditions
Sickle cell disease
Jones criteria for diagnosis acute rheumatic fever
Major criteria (SPECC)
Subcutaneous nodules
Polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum
Carditis
Chorea
Minor criteria (PRAFFL)
Previous rheumatic fever
ESR > 30
CRP >3mg/dl
Arthralgia
Leukocytosis
Fever
First degree AV block
Chorea
Chorea is a symptom that causes involuntary, irregular or unpredictable muscle movements.
Jones criteria for diagnosis of initial acute rheumatic fever
- Evidence of preceding group A streptococcal infection,
and - 2 major criteria /1 major and 2 minor criteria
Jones criteria for diagnosis of recurrent acute rheumatic fever
- Evidence of preceding group A streptococcal infection,
and - 2 major criteria /1 major and 2 or 3 minor criteria
Cause of acute rheumatic fever
Group A streptococcus
Symptoms of acute rheumatic fever
Fever
Malaise
Joint pain which moves from one joint to another (knees, ankles, wrists, elbows)
Palpitations
Easy fatiguability
Chest pain
Skin rash
Chorea
Signs of acute rheumatic fever
Fever > 38°C (minor criteria)
Arthralgia
Carditis
Skin rash
Subcutaneous nodules over bony prominences
Carditis
Rapid heart rate (> 100/minute)
murmur
heart failure
pericardial rub
Echocardiogram evidence of carditis
Investigations in acute rheumatic fever
FBC
ESR
CRP
Sickling status
Throat swab for culture
ASO titre
ECG
Echocardiogram