HYPOTHYROIDISM

Question 1

Effects of hypothyroidism in children and infant

Answer 1

Impairs intellectual and physical development
Cretinism

Question 2

Effects of hypothyroidism in adults

Answer 2

Heart disease
Menstrual irregularities
Infertility
Mental health conditions
Dementia

Question 3

Iodine replacement is the treatment for hypothyroidism. T/F

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Iodine replacement is the treatment for hypothyroidism. T/F

Answer 4

False

Question 5

When is screening for hypothyroidism encouraged

Answer 5

New borns
Every five years after 35 years of age especially in females

Question 6

When is screening for hypothyroidism encouraged

Answer 6

New borns
Every five years after 35 years of age especially in females

Question 7

…… is used for screening of hypothyroidism

Answer 7

TSH

Question 8

Causes of hypothyroidism

Answer 8

Antibody-related thyroid gland destruction
Subtotal thyroidectomy
Pituitary surgery or lesions
Congenital
Severe iodine deficiency
Drug induced

Question 9

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 9

General weakness and tiredness
Intolerance to cold
Constipation
Weight gain
Hair loss
Dry skin
Hoarse voice
Memory loss
Goitre may be present
Abnormal menstrual periods and sub-fertility (in adult females)
Poor growth, development and poor school performance in children

Question 10

Signs of hypothyroidism in neonate

Answer 10

Prolonged neonatal jaundice
Excessive sleep
Feeding problems

Question 11

Signs of hypothyroidism in children

Answer 11

Cretinism

Question 12

Signs of hypothyroidism in children

Answer 12

Cretinism

Question 13

Signs of cretinism

Answer 13

mental subnormality
short stature
large tongue
dry skin
sparse hair
protuberant abdomen
umbilical hernia
abnormal faecies

Question 14

Signs of cretinism

Answer 14

mental subnormality
short stature
large tongue
dry skin
sparse hair
protuberant abdomen
umbilical hernia
abnormal faecies

Question 15

Signs of hypothyroidism in adults

Answer 15

Slow pulse (usually <60 per minute)
Dry coarse skin
Puffy face
Pallor
Hoarse voice
Slow reflexes
Dementia
Goitre may be present

Question 16

Investigations in hypothyroidism

Answer 16

To correct blood level of thyroid hormones
To maintain lifelong normal levels of thyroid hormones

Question 17

Investigations in hypothyroidism

Answer 17

To correct blood level of thyroid hormones
To maintain lifelong normal levels of thyroid hormones

Question 18

Initiating treatment of hypothyroidism

Answer 18

Start treatment with a low dose of levothyroxine, especially in the elderly and children as well as individuals with heart disease (e.g. 25-50 microgram), and adjust dose as appropriate every 6-8 weeks until TSH levels are within normal
reference range

Question 19

It is advisable to initiate levothyroxine at low dosr in these populations

Answer 19

Elderly
Children
Heart disease

Question 20

It is advisable to initiate levothyroxine at low dosr in these populations

Answer 20

Elderly
Children
Heart disease

Question 21

Dose of levothyroxine

Answer 21

Levothyroxine, oral,

Adults
25-200 microgram daily

Children
> 12 years; 25 microgram daily (max. 200 micrograms)
2-12 years; 25 microgram daily (max. 100 micrograms)
< 2 years; 25-75 micrograms daily

Question 22

Referral criteria for hypothyroidism

Answer 22

Diagnosed or suspected cases of all ages, especially children with intellectual impairment, and individuals with pituitary disease