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STG 2017 > BRONCHIAL ASTHMA > Flashcards

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA Flashcards

1
Q

Define asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial airways
Manifests as recurrent episodes of wheeze, cough, chest tightness and shortness of breath
Usually reversible with treatment

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2
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Asthma complications

A

pneumomediastinum
pneumothorax
subcutaneous emphysema
pneumonia

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3
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Causes of asthma

A

Allergens
Environmental factors
Viral infections
Emotion and hyperventilation
Drugs
Occupational exposure to industrial chemicals, dust and drug manufacturing

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4
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Allergens that can trigger asthma

A

Pollen
House dust mite
Cockroach toppings
Grass
Pollen
Animal hair

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5
Q

Environmental factors associated with asthma include

A

air pollution
climatic changes
strong scents and smoke (including cigarette smoke and car fumes)

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6
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Drugs that can cause asthma

A

NSAIDs
Beta-blockers

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7
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

Episodic breathlessness
Tightness of the chest
Cough - often nocturnal
Wheeze
Nocturnal symptoms.

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8
Q

Signs in asthma

A

Tachypnoea
Use of accessory muscles of respiration; neck and/or abdominal muscles
Rhonchi/wheeze

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9
Q

Signs of severe asthma attack

A

Inability to complete full sentences in one breath
Rapid pulse > 110/minute in adults and adolescents or >130/minute in children 2-5 years
Rapid respiration > 30/minute in adults and adolescents or or >50/minute in children 2-5 years
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is reduced < 50% of expected (for age, sex and height)

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10
Q

Signs of a life-threatening attack are:

A

Cyanosis
Pulsus paradoxus
Silent chest on auscultation
Drowsiness or confusion
Exhaustion
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) less than 33 % of expected value
SpO2 less than 92% on room air

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10
Q

Pulse paradoxus

A

Pulsus paradoxus, also paradoxic pulse or paradoxical pulse, is an abnormally large decrease in stroke volume, systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration

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10
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11
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Investigations in asthma

A

FBC, mildly high eosinophil count
Chest X-ray (only for the exclusion of other diagnoses or complications)
Spirometry
Tests for atopy - skin prick test or specific IgE for common allergens
Stool examination, exclude helminthiasis

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STG 2017 (88 decks)

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