DYSPNOEA Flashcards
What is dyspnoea
Uncomfortable awareness of one’s own breathing
Dyspnoea is often the main symptom of cardiopulmonary disease T/F
True
Dyspnoea of sudden onset should be treated as a medical emergency
True
Cardiac causes of dyspnoea
Heart failure
Coronary heart disease
Valvular heart disease
Cardiac arrhythmias
Pericardial effusion
Respiratory causes of dyspnoea
Pneumonia
Pulmonary embolism
Obstructive lung disease (COPD, Asthma)
Restrictive lung disease
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Chest wall function limitation
Examples of conditions that cause chest wall function limitation
Myopathy
Neuropathy
Kyphoscoliosis
Non cardiopulmonary causes of dyspnoea
Anemia
Psychogenic hyperventilation
Acidosis
Foreign body aspiration
Massive abdominal distension
Examples of restrictive lung diseases
Cryptogenic fibrolysing alveolitis
Occupational lung diseases
Exertional dyspnea is associated with a cardiopulmonary cause T/F
True
Conditions associated with positional dyspnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Orthopnoea
Positional dyspnea is associated with a cardiopulmonary cause. T/F
False
It is associated with a cardiac cause
Dyspnoea with episodes that lasts for minutes to hours is associated with…………
asthma
pneumothorax
pulmonary oedema
pneumonia
anaphylaxis
Dyspnoea presenting with wheeze is suggestive of………
Asthma
Heart failure
Dyspnoea with episodes that lasts for weeks to months is associated with…………
pleural effusion
pericardial effusion, pulmonary fibrosis
lung cancer
recurrent PE
cardiac failure
anaemia
neuromuscular disease
tuberculosis
Dyspnoea with episodes that lasts for years is associated with…………
COPD
Lung fibrosis
Dyspnoea presenting with fever is associated with………..
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
PE
Dyspnea presenting with ankle oedema is associated with
Liver
Kidney
Heart
Dyspnoea presenting with pallor is associated with………..
Severe anaemia
Acute heart failure
PE
MI
Cardiogenic shock
Dyspnoea presenting with clubbing is associated with………..
Infections
Cyanotic congenital heart disease
Lung fibrosis
Dyspnoea presenting with ascites is associated with………..
Cardiac
Renal
Gastrointestinal
Hepatic
Intra-abdominal lesion
Dyspnoea presenting with cyanosis is associated with………..
COPD, Asthma
Heart failure
PE
Pneumonia etc
Dyspnoea presenting with barrel chist syndrome is associated with………..
COPD
Purpose of doing cardiopulmonary angiogram is to…….
Confirm Pulmonary Embolism
Investigations to be done in a patient presenting with dyspnoea
FBC
BUE/Cr
Echocardiography
ECG
Chest X-ray
Pulse oximetry
PEFR measurements
Lung function tests (Spirometry)
CT pulmonary angiogram
Treatment objectives in dyspnoea
Treat underlying cause
Maintain oxygen saturation above 95%
In which patient should increasing oxygen saturation be done with caution and why
COPD patients
They rely on hypoxic drive
