DYSPNOEA

Question 1

What is dyspnoea

Answer 1

Uncomfortable awareness of one’s own breathing

Question 2

Dyspnoea is often the main symptom of cardiopulmonary disease T/F

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Dyspnoea of sudden onset should be treated as a medical emergency

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cardiac causes of dyspnoea

Answer 4

Heart failure
Coronary heart disease
Valvular heart disease
Cardiac arrhythmias
Pericardial effusion

Question 4

Respiratory causes of dyspnoea

Answer 4

Pneumonia
Pulmonary embolism
Obstructive lung disease (COPD, Asthma)
Restrictive lung disease
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Chest wall function limitation

Question 4

Examples of conditions that cause chest wall function limitation

Answer 4

Myopathy
Neuropathy
Kyphoscoliosis

Question 4

Non cardiopulmonary causes of dyspnoea

Answer 4

Anemia
Psychogenic hyperventilation
Acidosis
Foreign body aspiration
Massive abdominal distension

Question 5

Examples of restrictive lung diseases

Answer 5

Cryptogenic fibrolysing alveolitis
Occupational lung diseases

Question 6

Exertional dyspnea is associated with a cardiopulmonary cause T/F

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Conditions associated with positional dyspnea

Answer 7

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Orthopnoea

Question 8

Positional dyspnea is associated with a cardiopulmonary cause. T/F

Answer 8

False
It is associated with a cardiac cause

Question 8

Dyspnoea with episodes that lasts for minutes to hours is associated with…………

Answer 8

asthma
pneumothorax
pulmonary oedema
pneumonia
anaphylaxis

Question 9

Dyspnoea presenting with wheeze is suggestive of………

Answer 9

Asthma
Heart failure

Question 9

Dyspnoea with episodes that lasts for weeks to months is associated with…………

Answer 9

pleural effusion
pericardial effusion, pulmonary fibrosis
lung cancer
recurrent PE
cardiac failure
anaemia
neuromuscular disease
tuberculosis

Question 10

Dyspnoea with episodes that lasts for years is associated with…………

Answer 10

COPD
Lung fibrosis

Question 15

Dyspnoea presenting with fever is associated with………..

Answer 15

Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
PE

Question 15

Dyspnea presenting with ankle oedema is associated with

Answer 15

Liver
Kidney
Heart

Question 16

Dyspnoea presenting with pallor is associated with………..

Answer 16

Severe anaemia
Acute heart failure
PE
MI
Cardiogenic shock

Question 17

Dyspnoea presenting with clubbing is associated with………..

Answer 17

Infections
Cyanotic congenital heart disease
Lung fibrosis

Question 18

Dyspnoea presenting with ascites is associated with………..

Answer 18

Cardiac
Renal
Gastrointestinal
Hepatic
Intra-abdominal lesion

Question 18

Dyspnoea presenting with cyanosis is associated with………..

Answer 18

COPD, Asthma
Heart failure
PE
Pneumonia etc

Question 18

Dyspnoea presenting with barrel chist syndrome is associated with………..

Answer 18

COPD

Question 19

Purpose of doing cardiopulmonary angiogram is to…….

Answer 19

Confirm Pulmonary Embolism

Question 19

Investigations to be done in a patient presenting with dyspnoea

Answer 19

FBC
BUE/Cr
Echocardiography
ECG
Chest X-ray
Pulse oximetry
PEFR measurements
Lung function tests (Spirometry)
CT pulmonary angiogram

Question 20

Treatment objectives in dyspnoea

Answer 20

Treat underlying cause
Maintain oxygen saturation above 95%

Question 21

In which patient should increasing oxygen saturation be done with caution and why

Answer 21

COPD patients
They rely on hypoxic drive