COMMON COLD Flashcards
Causes of common cold
Rhinovirus
Corona viruses
Respiratory synctival virus
Symptoms of cold
Runny nose (rhinorrhea)
Sneezing
Nasal congestion
Mild fever
Headaches
Sore throat
Muscle aches
Cough
Fatigue
Malaise
Signs of common cold
Low grade fever
Nasal discharge
Nasal mucosa reddening
Watering of eyes
Non-pharmacological treatment in common cold
Rest
Encourage adequate fluid intake
Gargle lukewarm salt solution
Steam inhalation
Dose of paracetamol
Paracetamol, oral,
Adults
500-1g 6-8 hourly
Children
10-15 mg/kg/dose 6-8 hourly
6-12 years; 250-500 mg 6-8 hourly
1-5 years; 120-250 mg 6-8 hourly
Pharmacological management of common cold
Paracetamol
and
Saline nasal drops or Xylometazoline
and
Cetirizine or Chlorpheniramine maleate
Saline nasal drops administration
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, nasal drops,
Adult and Children
2 drops, into each nostril, 4 hourly to relieve congestion as necessary
Xylometazoline administration regimen
Xylometazoline, nasal,
Adults (0.1% preparation)
1-2 drops 12 hourly into each nostril
Children (0.05% preparation)
> 3 months; 1-2 drops 12 hourly into each nostril
Cetirizine dosage regimen in cold
Cetirizine, oral,
Adults
10 mg daily
Children
> 12 years; 10 mg daily
6-12 years; 5 mg daily
2-6 years; 2.5 mg daily
Chlorpheniramine dose in cold treatment
Chlorpheniramine maleate, oral,
Adult
4 mg 12 hourly
Children
6-12 years; 2 mg 6-12 hourly daily (max. 12 mg daily)
2-6 years; 1 mg 6-8 hourly (max. 6 mg daily)
1-2 years; not recommended
