Hypo and hyperthryoidism

Question 1

Thyroid gland hormones

Answer 1

Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)

Question 2

Follicular Cells

Answer 2

secrete thyroid hormones that contain iodine

Question 3

Parafollicular Cells

Answer 3

produce calcitonin and are next to the follicular cells

Question 4

Colloid

Answer 4

a proteinaceous material composed
mainly of thyroglobulin and stored thyroid hormones

Question 5

follicles are filled with

Answer 5

colloid

Question 6

Thyroglobulin

Answer 6

chain of tyrosine molecules

Question 7

TRH

Answer 7

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, released from the hypothalamus

Question 8

TSH

Answer 8

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary when stimulated by TRH

Question 9

T3/T4

Answer 9

iodine-containing amino acids that regulate the body’s metabolic rate

Question 10

T3

Answer 10

produces 10% of active hormones

Question 11

T4

Answer 11

produces 90% of inactive hormones

Question 12

MIT

Answer 12

Monoiodotyrosine

Question 13

DIT

Answer 13

Diiodotyrosine

Question 14

order of feedback mechanism

Answer 14

hypothalamus–> TRH–> Pituitary–> TSH–>Thyroid–> T3/T4

Question 15

T4 is a positive or negative feedback mech

Answer 15

negative

Question 16

hyperthyroidism

Answer 16

The thyroid gland secretes excess thyroid hormone in
circulation

Question 17

Top 3 Causes hyperthyroidism:

Answer 17

1. Grave’s Disease: autoimmune, most common
2. Toxic Nodular Goiter
3. Toxic Adenoma

Question 18

1. hyperthyroidism high T3/T4 in blood

Answer 18

hypothalamus will reduce TRH release via the
hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

Question 19

2. hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

Answer 19

Collects blood from the hypothalamus and through a plexus of veins takes the blood directly to the anterior pituitary

Question 20

3. anterior pituitary releases less…

Answer 20

less TSH so thyroid gland is no longer stimulated

Question 21

hyperthyroidism result

Answer 21

thyroid remains overactive

Question 22

Grave’s disease

Answer 22

TSH-R antibodies bind to TSH receptors on follicular cell membranes

mimics role of TSH telling the body to produce more T3/T4 hormones

Question 23

Hypothyroidism

Answer 23

A deficiency of thyroid hormone in
circulation

Question 24

hypo causes

Answer 24

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: autoimmune, most hypocommon
o Iodine Deficiency
o Hyperthyroidism treatment
 Radioactive iodine therapy
 Surgery

Question 25

hypo types

Answer 25

Types
1. Primary: caused by disease in the thyroid
2. Secondary: caused by disease in the hypothalamus or pituitary

Question 26

1. hypo low T3/T4 in blood

Answer 26

The hypothalamus will increase TRH release via the
hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system.

Question 27

2. hypo

Answer 27

TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to
release more TSH

Question 28

3. hypo

Answer 28

The thyroid gland is underactive, so despite the higher TSH levels, the thyroid will not produce enough
T3 and T4

Question 29

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: The immune system attacks the thyroid gland producing…

Answer 29

autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin,
or TSH receptors

Question 30

goiter

Answer 30

inflammation of the thyroid gland

Question 31

after goiter

Answer 31

Gradual destruction of thyroid follicular cells due to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Question 32

released T3/T4 from destruction and over time..

Answer 32

synthesis and release diminish due to damage to the thyroid