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Islam > Human Action and Free Will - Determinism > Flashcards

Human Action and Free Will - Determinism Flashcards

1
Q

Give some of the 99 names of Allah which would suggest he would give humans free will.

A

The Utterly Just
The Giver of Gifts
the Most Loving

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2
Q

Give some of the 99 names of Allah which would suggest he wouldn’t give humans free will.

A

The All-knowing, The Omniscient
The All Hearing
The All seeing
The All Determiner

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3
Q

What does the Qur’an say about the order and structure of the universe?

A

According to the Qur’an everything in the cosmic scheme of things is ordered and structured in accordance with a “predetermined measure”.

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4
Q

Why do things exist according to the Qur’an?

A

Everything is measured, planned and determined and decreed by God. Everything is Divine Decree and determination is the sixth article of faith.

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5
Q

What do the Jahmites maintain?

A

All human activities were predetermined by God

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6
Q

Give the Qur’an quote which shows how Allah is omniscient.

A

“…but Allah has full knowledge”

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7
Q

Give the quote which shows that everything happens because Allah wills it to happen. Qur’an

A

“You shall not will except as Allah wills…”
“Only what God has decreed will happen to us.”

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8
Q

What was the Jerusalem Treatise?

A

A piece of writing written by al-Ghazali, which sets out his deterministic position - that Allah wills and determines all things and he conveys his ideas about the nature of God.

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9
Q

What in the Jerusalem treatise suggests that everything that Allah wills for us is just?

A

His justice is not comparable to the justice of His servants

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10
Q

What in the Jerusalem treatise suggests that acts of obedience are rewarded because of Allah’s generosity not because humans deserve it?

A

He Mighty and Majestic rewards His servants, the believers, for their acts of obedience because of His generosity and in fulfilment of His word, not because of their deserving it or His owing it to them.

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11
Q

What in the Jerusalem treatise suggests Allah alone is creator and has infinite knowledge?

A

He creates all beings and their acts.
The amount He knows is infinite.

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12
Q

What in the Jerusalem treatise suggests that Allah decrees all things in a timeless act of will?

A

What He wills is, and what He does not will is not
He directs events without successive thoughts or waiting for time to elapse, which is why nothing diverts Him from anything else.

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13
Q

What in the Jerusalem treatise suggests that Allah wills for everything to happen and directs all events and we cannot not do as He wills?

A

If all mankind, jinn, angels and devils combined their efforts to move or to still a single particle of the universe without His will and choice, they would be unable to.

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14
Q

What in the Jerusalem treatise suggests that Allah is All knowing?

A

He has knowledge of everything
Nearer to a servant than his own jugular vein
Knows the creeping of a black ant across a great stone…

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15
Q

What in the Jerusalem treatise suggests that Allah is transcendent?

A

he is not a body with a form - he is beyond change and motion - Qur’an - He is ‘ascendant over the Throne’

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16
Q

What in the Jerusalem treatise suggests Allah existed eternally?

A

Unceasingly existent

17
Q

What in the Jerusalem treatise suggests we have no freedom to act?

A

He has destined from beginingless eternity, occurring neither before nor after, but taking place in accordance with His knowledge and will…

18
Q

How does Ghazali maintain Allah’s omnipotence?

A

He alone has created and decrees everything and no one can be compared to Him. Allah is in control of human fate so must be trusted. God has a plan and this is reassuring for believers. Allah must be worshiped as controller of our destiny

19
Q

How does Ghazali maintain Allah’s justice?

A

Allah is fully Just and therefore, he will direct acts in a way that conforms to what is Just. Nothing can happen that is unjust.

20
Q

How does Ghazali maintain Allah’s omniscience (Al-Alim)?

A

God knows past, present and future timelessly and so Allah alone knows the fate of humans so humans must see life as a test of trust in Allah and be obedient.

21
Q

What is the consequence of Allah not thinking or acting in a human way?

A

Allah is beyond time and can therefore direct humans because He is eternal, transcendent and all powerful.

22
Q

What are the issues with Human reason?

A

Human reason is fallible and therefore it is not to be trusted. This means humans must trust in the revelations of Prophets can miracles that Allah has sent and justice of Allah and cannot direct their own lives. Humans must trust in the all powerful and just nature of Allah.

23
Q

How does Ghazali show Allah’s love?

A

Allah loves humans and cares for them and hence he knows the human heart intimately and rewards their good acts. Humans should therefore rely on Him and trust in Allah

24
Q

What are the impacts of determinism on judgement?

A

The idea of judgement is meaningless if humans cannot act out of free will. What is the sense in God punishing humans in the afterlife if he knows in advance the wrong a Muslim will do and which a Muslim has no control over. It does not show Allah to be a Just God.

25
Q

How does the idea that God commands and direct human actions suggest he isn’t just?

A

Some terrible things happen to people because of others e.g. murder, so as this is ordained by Allah then this does not show him as a Just God.

26
Q

What does Al-Ashari say about Allah’s power?

A

He should use his power to give humans power to make free choices.

27
Q

What question does determinism raise about human reason?

A

If Allah has directed everything then why did he create humans with reason if they cannot use it to make free choices.

28
Q

What does Modern physics say in response to determinism?

A

Suggests randomness at the subatomic level and this suggests a lack of order. Our lives may not be as determined and ordered by Allah as some think.

29
Q

How does Nafwal respond to Ghazali?

A

Appeals to science and suggests that we have a unique genetic code and this uniqueness could mean that we can make unique decision using our free will.

Islam (48 decks)

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