Hovering

Question 1

Explain the effect on TQ when L or R pedal is applied?

Answer 1

LHS: Increases TQ requirement
RHS: Reduces TQ requirement

Question 2

Explain the relationship between collective, cyclic and pedals in the hover

Answer 2

Collective: changes the TQ so pedals will have to be adjusted
Cyclic: Controls pitch and roll
Pedals: Heading control increases/decreases TQ/collective requirements

Question 3

Explain the attitude, height, heading and position hover references

Answer 3

Attitude: look far out to the horizon
Heading: look far out to a mountain/tree to point at
Height: Look for a medium distance reference e.g. a tree
Ground position: something close on the ground

Question 4

Explain the process for error recognition and management in the hover

Answer 4

Spot the error —> Correct to a stable hover using small motions —> move back to original start loc —> reset new attitude to remove initial errors

Question 5

Before turning in the hover, what are your actions?

Answer 5

Clear the area around the tail

Question 6

If you want the tail to move left/right, where should the nose go?

Answer 6

Tail left nose right
Tail right nose left

Question 7

On T/O into the hover, what should you avoid?

Answer 7

Sitting at below 4ft

Dynamic rollover risk

Question 8

Before entering the hover from the ground, what should you say?

Answer 8

“Lifting”

Question 9

Explain turning about the mast, nose and tail

Answer 9

Mast - The aircraft rotates around its centre
Nose - The aircraft rotates around a point
Tail - The aircraft spins around the tip of the tail

Question 10

What is taxiing speed?

Answer 10

A walking pace

Question 11

When and how are hover references selected?

Answer 11

Heading: Selected on the ground
Height: Selected in the air
Attitude: Is the horizon
Position: Selected in the air, usually something in the lower part of the window

Question 12

Explain the 10 and 10 rule when hovering

Answer 12

Not above 10ºNU below 10ft

Question 13

What is the general rule regarding air transit speeds and heights?

Answer 13

10ft AGL max speed in 10kts
20ft AGL max speed in 20kts
30ft AGL max speed in 30kts

Question 14

What are the primary/secondary effects if cyclic in the hover?

Answer 14

Primary: Attitude
Secondary: Ground position/Height

Question 15

What are the primary/secondary effects of collective in the hover?

Answer 15

Primary: Height
Secondary: Power/heading

Question 16

What are the primary/secondary effects of yaw pedals in the hover?

Answer 16

Primary: Heading
Secondary: Power

Question 17

What button allows follow up trim and at what speed does it work?

Answer 17

A. TRIM, below 30kts

Question 18

Explain how the differences in aircraft controllability with the AP/SAS out:

Answer 18

Secondary effects of collective, pedals and cyclic become much more pronounced

Input on one control effects all three requiring constant balancing

Question 19

What is tail rotor drift and roll?

Answer 19

Tail rotor drift is the force pushing the aircraft to the right and the roll is the left roll required to counter this effect

Note: This is why we touch left skid first

Question 20

What is the hover work cycle?

Answer 20

Far, middle, near

Question 21

You are ready to lift off, explain your actions for liftoff into the hover:

Answer 21

Lookout
Eyes to the horizon
“Lifting”
Raise the collective
Skids light - yaw
Raise collective
Begin hover scan
Scan 4ft rad alt

Question 22

You are in the hover ready to land, explain your actions:

Answer 22

Hover scan (Minimise drift back/left/right)
“Hover lower” maintain the same scan and actions as if a normal hover just closer to the ground
Skids on
Collective lower
Check MMI
Fully lover the collective

Question 23

Explain recirculation and where it is likely to occur

Answer 23

Hovering over long grass
Near large buildings
Solid fences
Cliff faces
Hovering near other helicopters

Question 24

Explain how hovering in ground effect reduces the power requirement

Answer 24

HIGE requires less power because the induced flow vector is reduce which increases the AoA, creating more lift