Hovering Flashcards
Explain the effect on TQ when L or R pedal is applied?
LHS: Increases TQ requirement
RHS: Reduces TQ requirement
Explain the relationship between collective, cyclic and pedals in the hover
Collective: changes the TQ so pedals will have to be adjusted
Cyclic: Controls pitch and roll
Pedals: Heading control increases/decreases TQ/collective requirements
Explain the attitude, height, heading and position hover references
Attitude: look far out to the horizon
Heading: look far out to a mountain/tree to point at
Height: Look for a medium distance reference e.g. a tree
Ground position: something close on the ground
Explain the process for error recognition and management in the hover
Spot the error —> Correct to a stable hover using small motions —> move back to original start loc —> reset new attitude to remove initial errors
Before turning in the hover, what are your actions?
Clear the area around the tail
If you want the tail to move left/right, where should the nose go?
Tail left nose right
Tail right nose left
On T/O into the hover, what should you avoid?
Sitting at below 4ft
Dynamic rollover risk
Before entering the hover from the ground, what should you say?
“Lifting”
Explain turning about the mast, nose and tail
Mast - The aircraft rotates around its centre
Nose - The aircraft rotates around a point
Tail - The aircraft spins around the tip of the tail
What is taxiing speed?
A walking pace
When and how are hover references selected?
Heading: Selected on the ground
Height: Selected in the air
Attitude: Is the horizon
Position: Selected in the air, usually something in the lower part of the window
Explain the 10 and 10 rule when hovering
Not above 10ºNU below 10ft
What is the general rule regarding air transit speeds and heights?
10ft AGL max speed in 10kts
20ft AGL max speed in 20kts
30ft AGL max speed in 30kts
What are the primary/secondary effects if cyclic in the hover?
Primary: Attitude
Secondary: Ground position/Height
What are the primary/secondary effects of collective in the hover?
Primary: Height
Secondary: Power/heading
What are the primary/secondary effects of yaw pedals in the hover?
Primary: Heading
Secondary: Power
What button allows follow up trim and at what speed does it work?
A. TRIM, below 30kts
Explain how the differences in aircraft controllability with the AP/SAS out:
Secondary effects of collective, pedals and cyclic become much more pronounced
Input on one control effects all three requiring constant balancing
What is tail rotor drift and roll?
Tail rotor drift is the force pushing the aircraft to the right and the roll is the left roll required to counter this effect
Note: This is why we touch left skid first
What is the hover work cycle?
Far, middle, near
You are ready to lift off, explain your actions for liftoff into the hover:
Lookout
Eyes to the horizon
“Lifting”
Raise the collective
Skids light - yaw
Raise collective
Begin hover scan
Scan 4ft rad alt
You are in the hover ready to land, explain your actions:
Hover scan (Minimise drift back/left/right)
“Hover lower” maintain the same scan and actions as if a normal hover just closer to the ground
Skids on
Collective lower
Check MMI
Fully lover the collective
Explain recirculation and where it is likely to occur
Hovering over long grass
Near large buildings
Solid fences
Cliff faces
Hovering near other helicopters
Explain how hovering in ground effect reduces the power requirement
HIGE requires less power because the induced flow vector is reduce which increases the AoA, creating more lift
